diff --git a/elixir/apps/domain/lib/domain/billing/stripe/api_client.ex b/elixir/apps/domain/lib/domain/billing/stripe/api_client.ex
index d9e227208..23b2ffdfe 100644
--- a/elixir/apps/domain/lib/domain/billing/stripe/api_client.ex
+++ b/elixir/apps/domain/lib/domain/billing/stripe/api_client.ex
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 defmodule Domain.Billing.Stripe.APIClient do
   use Supervisor
+  require Logger
 
   @pool_name __MODULE__.Finch
 
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ defmodule Domain.Billing.Stripe.APIClient do
       |> put_if_not_nil("email", email)
       |> URI.encode_query(:www_form)
 
-    request(api_token, :post, "customers", body)
+    request_with_retry(api_token, :post, "customers", body)
   end
 
   def update_customer(api_token, customer_id, name, metadata) do
@@ -51,11 +52,11 @@ defmodule Domain.Billing.Stripe.APIClient do
       |> Map.put("name", name)
       |> URI.encode_query(:www_form)
 
-    request(api_token, :post, "customers/#{customer_id}", body)
+    request_with_retry(api_token, :post, "customers/#{customer_id}", body)
   end
 
   def fetch_customer(api_token, customer_id) do
-    request(api_token, :get, "customers/#{customer_id}", "")
+    request_with_retry(api_token, :get, "customers/#{customer_id}", "")
   end
 
   def list_all_subscriptions(api_token, page_after \\ nil, acc \\ []) do
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ defmodule Domain.Billing.Stripe.APIClient do
         ""
       end
 
-    case request(api_token, :get, "subscriptions#{query_params}", "") do
+    case request_with_retry(api_token, :get, "subscriptions#{query_params}", "") do
       {:ok, %{"has_more" => true, "data" => data}} ->
         page_after = List.last(data)["id"]
         list_all_subscriptions(api_token, page_after, acc ++ data)
@@ -80,12 +81,12 @@ defmodule Domain.Billing.Stripe.APIClient do
   end
 
   def fetch_product(api_token, product_id) do
-    request(api_token, :get, "products/#{product_id}", "")
+    request_with_retry(api_token, :get, "products/#{product_id}", "")
   end
 
   def create_billing_portal_session(api_token, customer_id, return_url) do
     body = URI.encode_query(%{"customer" => customer_id, "return_url" => return_url}, :www_form)
-    request(api_token, :post, "billing_portal/sessions", body)
+    request_with_retry(api_token, :post, "billing_portal/sessions", body)
   end
 
   def create_subscription(api_token, customer_id, price_id) do
@@ -98,7 +99,67 @@ defmodule Domain.Billing.Stripe.APIClient do
         :www_form
       )
 
-    request(api_token, :post, "subscriptions", body)
+    request_with_retry(api_token, :post, "subscriptions", body)
+  end
+
+  def request_with_retry(api_token, method, path, body) do
+    max_retries = fetch_retry_config(:max_retries, 3)
+    base_delay = fetch_retry_config(:base_delay_ms, 1000)
+    max_delay = fetch_retry_config(:max_delay_ms, 10_000)
+
+    do_request_with_retry(api_token, method, path, body, 0, max_retries, base_delay, max_delay)
+  end
+
+  defp do_request_with_retry(
+         api_token,
+         method,
+         path,
+         body,
+         attempt,
+         max_retries,
+         base_delay,
+         max_delay
+       ) do
+    case request(api_token, method, path, body) do
+      {:ok, response} ->
+        {:ok, response}
+
+      {:error, {429, response}} when attempt < max_retries ->
+        delay = calculate_delay(attempt, base_delay, max_delay)
+
+        Logger.warning(
+          "Rate limited by Stripe API (429), retrying request.",
+          request_delay: "#{delay}ms",
+          attempt_num: "#{attempt + 1} of #{max_retries}",
+          response: inspect(response)
+        )
+
+        Process.sleep(delay)
+
+        do_request_with_retry(
+          api_token,
+          method,
+          path,
+          body,
+          attempt + 1,
+          max_retries,
+          base_delay,
+          max_delay
+        )
+
+      {:error, reason} ->
+        {:error, reason}
+    end
+  end
+
+  defp calculate_delay(attempt, base_delay, max_delay) do
+    # Exponential backoff with jitter
+    exponential_delay = base_delay * :math.pow(2, attempt)
+    jitter = :rand.uniform() * 0.1 * exponential_delay
+
+    (exponential_delay + jitter)
+    |> round()
+    |> min(max_delay)
   end
 
   def request(api_token, method, path, body) do
@@ -141,4 +202,13 @@ defmodule Domain.Billing.Stripe.APIClient do
     Domain.Config.fetch_env!(:domain, __MODULE__)
     |> Keyword.fetch!(key)
   end
+
+  defp fetch_retry_config(key, default) do
+    config = Domain.Config.fetch_env!(:domain, __MODULE__)
+
+    case Keyword.get(config, :retry_config) do
+      nil -> default
+      retry_config -> Keyword.get(retry_config, key, default)
+    end
+  end
 end
diff --git a/elixir/apps/domain/test/domain/billing/stripe/api_client_test.exs b/elixir/apps/domain/test/domain/billing/stripe/api_client_test.exs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a8b853b73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/elixir/apps/domain/test/domain/billing/stripe/api_client_test.exs
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+defmodule Domain.Billing.Stripe.APIClientTest do
+  use Domain.DataCase, async: true
+  alias Domain.Mocks.Stripe
+  import Domain.Billing.Stripe.APIClient
+
+  describe "client retry logic" do
+    test "retries on 429 rate limit responses" do
+      bypass = Bypass.open()
+      account = Fixtures.Accounts.create_account()
+
+      # Configure to return 429 on first 2 requests, then succeed
+      Stripe.enable_rate_limiting(2)
+      Stripe.mock_create_customer_endpoint(bypass, account)
+
+      # This should succeed after 2 retries
+      {:ok, _customer} =
+        create_customer("secret_token_123", account.name, "test@example.com", %{})
+
+      # Verify 3 total requests were made (2 failures + 1 success)
+      assert Stripe.get_request_count() == 3
+
+      Domain.Mocks.Stripe.disable_rate_limiting()
+    end
+
+    test "gives up after max retries exceeded" do
+      bypass = Bypass.open()
+      account = Fixtures.Accounts.create_account()
+
+      # Configure to always return 429
+      Stripe.configure_rate_limiting(fn _count -> true end)
+      Stripe.mock_create_customer_endpoint(bypass, account)
+
+      # This should fail after exhausting retries
+      {:error, {429, _}} =
+        create_customer("secret_token_123", account.name, "test@example.com", %{})
+
+      # Should have made max_retries + 1 attempts
+      assert Stripe.get_request_count() == 4
+
+      Domain.Mocks.Stripe.disable_rate_limiting()
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/elixir/apps/domain/test/support/mocks/stripe.ex b/elixir/apps/domain/test/support/mocks/stripe.ex
index a6803fdea..dc6175213 100644
--- a/elixir/apps/domain/test/support/mocks/stripe.ex
+++ b/elixir/apps/domain/test/support/mocks/stripe.ex
@@ -13,21 +13,30 @@ defmodule Domain.Mocks.Stripe do
     test_pid = self()
 
     Bypass.expect(bypass, "POST", customers_endpoint_path, fn conn ->
-      conn = Plug.Conn.fetch_query_params(conn)
-      conn = fetch_request_params(conn)
-      send(test_pid, {:bypass_request, conn})
+      # Store test PID in connection for rate limiting
+      conn = %{conn | private: Map.put(conn.private, :test_pid, test_pid)}
 
-      email = Map.get(conn.params, "email", "foo@example.com")
+      case check_rate_limit(conn) do
+        {:rate_limited, response} ->
+          response
 
-      resp =
-        Map.merge(
-          customer_object("cus_NffrFeUfNV2Hib", account.name, email, %{
-            "account_id" => account.id
-          }),
-          resp
-        )
+        :ok ->
+          conn = Plug.Conn.fetch_query_params(conn)
+          conn = fetch_request_params(conn)
+          send(test_pid, {:bypass_request, conn})
 
-      Plug.Conn.send_resp(conn, 200, Jason.encode!(resp))
+          email = Map.get(conn.params, "email", "foo@example.com")
+
+          resp =
+            Map.merge(
+              customer_object("cus_NffrFeUfNV2Hib", account.name, email, %{
+                "account_id" => account.id
+              }),
+              resp
+            )
+
+          Plug.Conn.send_resp(conn, 200, Jason.encode!(resp))
+      end
     end)
 
     override_endpoint_url("http://localhost:#{bypass.port}")
@@ -49,10 +58,18 @@ defmodule Domain.Mocks.Stripe do
     test_pid = self()
 
     Bypass.expect(bypass, "POST", customer_endpoint_path, fn conn ->
-      conn = Plug.Conn.fetch_query_params(conn)
-      conn = fetch_request_params(conn)
-      send(test_pid, {:bypass_request, conn})
-      Plug.Conn.send_resp(conn, 200, Jason.encode!(resp))
+      conn = %{conn | private: Map.put(conn.private, :test_pid, test_pid)}
+
+      case check_rate_limit(conn) do
+        {:rate_limited, response} ->
+          response
+
+        :ok ->
+          conn = Plug.Conn.fetch_query_params(conn)
+          conn = fetch_request_params(conn)
+          send(test_pid, {:bypass_request, conn})
+          Plug.Conn.send_resp(conn, 200, Jason.encode!(resp))
+      end
     end)
 
     override_endpoint_url("http://localhost:#{bypass.port}")
@@ -74,9 +91,17 @@ defmodule Domain.Mocks.Stripe do
     test_pid = self()
 
     Bypass.expect(bypass, "GET", customer_endpoint_path, fn conn ->
-      conn = Plug.Conn.fetch_query_params(conn)
-      send(test_pid, {:bypass_request, conn})
-      Plug.Conn.send_resp(conn, 200, Jason.encode!(resp))
+      conn = %{conn | private: Map.put(conn.private, :test_pid, test_pid)}
+
+      case check_rate_limit(conn) do
+        {:rate_limited, response} ->
+          response
+
+        :ok ->
+          conn = Plug.Conn.fetch_query_params(conn)
+          send(test_pid, {:bypass_request, conn})
+          Plug.Conn.send_resp(conn, 200, Jason.encode!(resp))
+      end
     end)
 
     override_endpoint_url("http://localhost:#{bypass.port}")
@@ -115,9 +140,17 @@ defmodule Domain.Mocks.Stripe do
     test_pid = self()
 
     Bypass.expect(bypass, "GET", product_endpoint_path, fn conn ->
-      conn = Plug.Conn.fetch_query_params(conn)
-      send(test_pid, {:bypass_request, conn})
-      Plug.Conn.send_resp(conn, 200, Jason.encode!(resp))
+      conn = %{conn | private: Map.put(conn.private, :test_pid, test_pid)}
+
+      case check_rate_limit(conn) do
+        {:rate_limited, response} ->
+          response
+
+        :ok ->
+          conn = Plug.Conn.fetch_query_params(conn)
+          send(test_pid, {:bypass_request, conn})
+          Plug.Conn.send_resp(conn, 200, Jason.encode!(resp))
+      end
     end)
 
     override_endpoint_url("http://localhost:#{bypass.port}")
@@ -150,10 +183,18 @@ defmodule Domain.Mocks.Stripe do
     test_pid = self()
 
     Bypass.expect(bypass, "POST", customers_endpoint_path, fn conn ->
-      conn = Plug.Conn.fetch_query_params(conn)
-      conn = fetch_request_params(conn)
-      send(test_pid, {:bypass_request, conn})
-      Plug.Conn.send_resp(conn, 200, Jason.encode!(resp))
+      conn = %{conn | private: Map.put(conn.private, :test_pid, test_pid)}
+
+      case check_rate_limit(conn) do
+        {:rate_limited, response} ->
+          response
+
+        :ok ->
+          conn = Plug.Conn.fetch_query_params(conn)
+          conn = fetch_request_params(conn)
+          send(test_pid, {:bypass_request, conn})
+          Plug.Conn.send_resp(conn, 200, Jason.encode!(resp))
+      end
     end)
 
     override_endpoint_url("http://localhost:#{bypass.port}")
@@ -173,10 +214,18 @@ defmodule Domain.Mocks.Stripe do
     test_pid = self()
 
     Bypass.expect(bypass, "POST", customers_endpoint_path, fn conn ->
-      conn = Plug.Conn.fetch_query_params(conn)
-      conn = fetch_request_params(conn)
-      send(test_pid, {:bypass_request, conn})
-      Plug.Conn.send_resp(conn, 200, Jason.encode!(resp))
+      conn = %{conn | private: Map.put(conn.private, :test_pid, test_pid)}
+
+      case check_rate_limit(conn) do
+        {:rate_limited, response} ->
+          response
+
+        :ok ->
+          conn = Plug.Conn.fetch_query_params(conn)
+          conn = fetch_request_params(conn)
+          send(test_pid, {:bypass_request, conn})
+          Plug.Conn.send_resp(conn, 200, Jason.encode!(resp))
+      end
     end)
 
     override_endpoint_url("http://localhost:#{bypass.port}")
@@ -184,6 +233,160 @@ defmodule Domain.Mocks.Stripe do
     bypass
   end
 
+  # Rate limiting control functions
+  def enable_rate_limiting(rate_limit_count \\ 2) do
+    ensure_ets_table()
+    test_pid = self()
+
+    state = %{
+      rate_limit_enabled: true,
+      rate_limit_count: rate_limit_count,
+      request_count: 0
+    }
+
+    :ets.insert(:stripe_mock_state, {test_pid, state})
+  end
+
+  def disable_rate_limiting do
+    ensure_ets_table()
+    test_pid = self()
+    :ets.delete(:stripe_mock_state, test_pid)
+  end
+
+  def reset_rate_limit_counter do
+    ensure_ets_table()
+    test_pid = self()
+
+    case :ets.lookup(:stripe_mock_state, test_pid) do
+      [{^test_pid, state}] ->
+        updated_state = Map.put(state, :request_count, 0)
+        :ets.insert(:stripe_mock_state, {test_pid, updated_state})
+
+      [] ->
+        :ok
+    end
+  end
+
+  def get_request_count do
+    ensure_ets_table()
+    test_pid = self()
+
+    case :ets.lookup(:stripe_mock_state, test_pid) do
+      [{^test_pid, state}] -> Map.get(state, :request_count, 0)
+      [] -> 0
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Rate limiting with flexible patterns
+  def configure_rate_limiting(pattern) when is_function(pattern, 1) do
+    ensure_ets_table()
+    test_pid = self()
+
+    state = %{
+      rate_limit_pattern: pattern,
+      request_count: 0
+    }
+
+    :ets.insert(:stripe_mock_state, {test_pid, state})
+  end
+
+  def configure_rate_limiting(opts) when is_list(opts) do
+    ensure_ets_table()
+    test_pid = self()
+    fail_on_attempts = Keyword.get(opts, :fail_on_attempts, [1, 2])
+    pattern = fn count -> count in fail_on_attempts end
+
+    state = %{
+      rate_limit_pattern: pattern,
+      request_count: 0
+    }
+
+    :ets.insert(:stripe_mock_state, {test_pid, state})
+  end
+
+  defp ensure_ets_table do
+    case :ets.whereis(:stripe_mock_state) do
+      :undefined ->
+        :ets.new(:stripe_mock_state, [:named_table, :public, :set])
+
+      _table ->
+        :ok
+    end
+  end
+
+  defp check_rate_limit(conn) do
+    ensure_ets_table()
+
+    # Get the test process PID from the connection
+    test_pid = get_test_pid(conn)
+
+    # Get current state and increment request count
+    {current_count, state} =
+      case :ets.lookup(:stripe_mock_state, test_pid) do
+        [{^test_pid, existing_state}] ->
+          new_count = Map.get(existing_state, :request_count, 0) + 1
+          updated_state = Map.put(existing_state, :request_count, new_count)
+          :ets.insert(:stripe_mock_state, {test_pid, updated_state})
+          {new_count, updated_state}
+
+        [] ->
+          {1, %{request_count: 1}}
+      end
+
+    cond do
+      # Check for custom pattern function
+      pattern_fn = Map.get(state, :rate_limit_pattern) ->
+        if pattern_fn.(current_count) do
+          {:rate_limited, send_rate_limit_response(conn)}
+        else
+          :ok
+        end
+
+      # Check for simple rate limiting
+      Map.get(state, :rate_limit_enabled) ->
+        rate_limit_count = Map.get(state, :rate_limit_count, 2)
+
+        if current_count <= rate_limit_count do
+          {:rate_limited, send_rate_limit_response(conn)}
+        else
+          :ok
+        end
+
+      true ->
+        :ok
+    end
+  end
+
+  defp get_test_pid(conn) do
+    # Look for the test PID in the connection's private assigns
+    case Map.get(conn.private, :test_pid) do
+      nil ->
+        # Fallback: try to find any active test process
+        case :ets.first(:stripe_mock_state) do
+          :"$end_of_table" -> self()
+          pid -> pid
+        end
+
+      pid ->
+        pid
+    end
+  end
+
+  defp send_rate_limit_response(conn) do
+    error_response = %{
+      "error" => %{
+        "code" => "lock_timeout",
+        "doc_url" => "https://stripe.com/docs/error-codes/lock-timeout",
+        "message" => "Error message here",
+        "request_log_url" => "https://dashboard.stripe.com/logs/req_ABC123DEF456",
+        "type" => "invalid_request_error"
+      }
+    }
+
+    conn
+    |> Plug.Conn.send_resp(429, Jason.encode!(error_response))
+  end
+
   def customer_object(id, name, email \\ nil, metadata \\ %{}) do
     %{
       "id" => id,
diff --git a/elixir/config/config.exs b/elixir/config/config.exs
index 5e470e94e..f143b638e 100644
--- a/elixir/config/config.exs
+++ b/elixir/config/config.exs
@@ -92,7 +92,12 @@ config :domain, Domain.Auth.Adapters.Okta.APIClient, finch_transport_opts: []
 
 config :domain, Domain.Billing.Stripe.APIClient,
   endpoint: "https://api.stripe.com",
-  finch_transport_opts: []
+  finch_transport_opts: [],
+  retry_config: [
+    max_retries: 3,
+    base_delay_ms: 1000,
+    max_delay_ms: 10_000
+  ]
 
 config :domain, Domain.Billing,
   enabled: true,
diff --git a/elixir/config/test.exs b/elixir/config/test.exs
index af6a2b598..3d29ce99b 100644
--- a/elixir/config/test.exs
+++ b/elixir/config/test.exs
@@ -26,6 +26,15 @@ config :domain, Domain.Events.ReplicationConnection,
     database: "firezone_test#{partition_suffix}"
   ]
 
+config :domain, Domain.Billing.Stripe.APIClient,
+  endpoint: "https://api.stripe.com",
+  finch_transport_opts: [],
+  retry_config: [
+    max_retries: 3,
+    base_delay_ms: 100,
+    max_delay_ms: 1000
+  ]
+
 config :domain, Domain.Telemetry, enabled: false
 
 config :domain, Domain.ConnectivityChecks, enabled: false