feat(infra): Use Postgres 17 for dev and test (#9215)

Upgrades dev and test envs to use Postgres 17.

Related: #5442

.github/actions/setup-postgres/action.yml

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ name: "Setup Postgres"
 description: "Starts a Postgres container"
 inputs:
   version:
-    default: "latest"
+    default: "17"
     description: "Postgres version"
     required: false
   port:

.github/workflows/_elixir.yml

@@ -17,8 +17,6 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-postgres
-        with:
-          version: 15
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-elixir
         with:
           mix_env: ${{ env.MIX_ENV }}
@@ -124,8 +122,6 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-postgres
-        with:
-          version: 15
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-elixir
         with:
           mix_env: ${{ env.MIX_ENV }}
@@ -179,8 +175,6 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-postgres
-        with:
-          version: 15
       - uses: nanasess/setup-chromedriver@e93e57b843c0c92788f22483f1a31af8ee48db25 # v2.3.0
       - run: |
           export DISPLAY=:99