/*
Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

package runner

import (
	"fmt"
	"time"

	utilruntime "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/runtime"
	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
	"k8s.io/utils/clock"
)

// BoundedFrequencyRunner manages runs of a user-provided work function.
type BoundedFrequencyRunner struct {
	name string // the name of this instance

	minInterval   time.Duration // the min time between runs
	retryInterval time.Duration // the time between a run and a retry
	maxInterval   time.Duration // the max time between runs

	run chan struct{} // try an async run

	fn               func() error // the work function
	minIntervalTimer clock.Timer
	nextRunTimer     clock.Timer // Combined timer for maxInterval and retryInterval logic
	clock            clock.Clock
}

// NewBoundedFrequencyRunner creates and returns a new BoundedFrequencyRunner.
// This runner manages the execution frequency of the provided function `fn`.
//
// The runner guarantees two properties:
//  1. Minimum Interval (`minInterval`): At least `minInterval` must pass between
//     the *completion* of one execution and the *start* of the next. Calls to
//     `Run()` during this cooldown period are coalesced and deferred until the
//     interval expires. This prevents burst executions.
//  2. Maximum Interval (`maxInterval`): The function `fn` is guaranteed to run
//     at least once per `maxInterval`, ensuring periodic execution even without
//     explicit `Run()` calls (e.g., for refreshing state).
//
// `maxInterval` must be greater than or equal to `minInterval`; otherwise,
// this function will panic.
//
// If `fn` returns an error, then it will be run again no later than `retryInterval`
// (unless another trigger, like `Run()` or `maxInterval`, causes it to run sooner). Any
// successful run will abort the retry attempt.
func NewBoundedFrequencyRunner(name string, fn func() error, minInterval, retryInterval, maxInterval time.Duration) *BoundedFrequencyRunner {
	return construct(name, fn, minInterval, retryInterval, maxInterval, clock.RealClock{})
}

// Make an instance with dependencies injected.
func construct(name string, fn func() error, minInterval, retryInterval, maxInterval time.Duration, clock clock.Clock) *BoundedFrequencyRunner {
	if maxInterval < minInterval {
		panic(fmt.Sprintf("%s: maxInterval (%v) must be >= minInterval (%v)", name, maxInterval, minInterval))
	}

	bfr := &BoundedFrequencyRunner{
		name: name,
		fn:   fn,

		minInterval:   minInterval,
		retryInterval: retryInterval,
		maxInterval:   maxInterval,

		run:   make(chan struct{}, 1),
		clock: clock,
	}

	return bfr
}

// Loop handles the periodic timer and run requests.  This is expected to be
// called as a goroutine.
func (bfr *BoundedFrequencyRunner) Loop(stop <-chan struct{}) {
	klog.V(3).InfoS("Loop running", "runner", bfr.name)
	defer close(bfr.run)

	bfr.minIntervalTimer = bfr.clock.NewTimer(bfr.minInterval)
	defer bfr.minIntervalTimer.Stop()

	// Initialize nextRunTimer with maxInterval
	bfr.nextRunTimer = bfr.clock.NewTimer(bfr.maxInterval)
	defer bfr.nextRunTimer.Stop()

	for {
		select {
		case <-stop:
			klog.V(3).InfoS("Loop stopping", "runner", bfr.name)
			return
		case <-bfr.nextRunTimer.C(): // Wait on the single timer
		case <-bfr.run:
		}

		// stop the timers here to allow the tests using the fake clock to synchronize
		// with the fakeClock.HasWaiters() method. The timers are reset after the function
		// is executed.
		bfr.minIntervalTimer.Stop()
		bfr.nextRunTimer.Stop()

		var err error
		// avoid crashing if the function executed crashes
		func() {
			defer utilruntime.HandleCrash()
			err = bfr.fn()
		}()

		// Determine the next interval based on the result
		nextInterval := bfr.maxInterval
		if err != nil {
			// If error, ensure next run is within retryInterval and maxInterval
			if bfr.retryInterval < nextInterval {
				nextInterval = bfr.retryInterval
			}
			klog.V(3).InfoS("scheduling retry", "runner", bfr.name, "interval", nextInterval, "error", err)
		}
		// Reset the timers
		bfr.minIntervalTimer.Reset(bfr.minInterval)
		bfr.nextRunTimer.Reset(nextInterval)

		// Wait for minInterval before looping
		select {
		case <-stop:
			klog.V(3).InfoS("Loop stopping", "runner", bfr.name)
			return
		case <-bfr.minIntervalTimer.C():
		}
	}
}

// Run the work function as soon as possible.  If this is called while Loop is not
// running, the call may be deferred indefinitely.
// Once there is a queued request to call the work function, further calls to
// Run() will have no effect until after it runs.
func (bfr *BoundedFrequencyRunner) Run() {
	// If bfr.run is empty, push an element onto it. Otherwise, do nothing.
	select {
	case bfr.run <- struct{}{}:
	default:
	}
}