/* Copyright (c) 2010 The Chromium OS Authors. All rights reserved. * Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be * found in the LICENSE file. * * Functions for generating and manipulating a verified boot firmware image. */ #include "firmware_image.h" #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "file_keys.h" #include "padding.h" #include "rsa_utility.h" #include "sha_utility.h" #include "utility.h" /* Macro to determine the size of a field structure in the FirmwareImage * structure. */ #define FIELD_LEN(field) (sizeof(((FirmwareImage*)0)->field)) FirmwareImage* FirmwareImageNew(void) { FirmwareImage* fw = (FirmwareImage*) Malloc(sizeof(FirmwareImage)); return fw; } void FirmwareImageFree(FirmwareImage* image) { Free(image->sign_key); Free(image->key_signature); Free(image->preamble_signature); Free(image->firmware_signature); Free(image->firmware_data); } FirmwareImage* ReadFirmwareImage(const char* input_file, FirmwareImage* image) { int fd; struct stat fd_stat; int image_len = 0; /* Total size of the firmware image. */ int header_len = 0; int sign_key_len; int signature_len; uint8_t* firmware_buf; MemcpyState st; if (!image) return NULL; if (-1 == (fd = open(input_file, O_RDONLY))) { fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open file for reading.\n"); return NULL; } if (-1 == fstat(fd, &fd_stat)) { fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't stat file.\n"); close(fd); return NULL; } firmware_buf = (uint8_t*) Malloc(fd_stat.st_size); image_len = fd_stat.st_size; /* Read entire file into a buffer. */ if (image_len != read(fd, firmware_buf, image_len)) { fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't read file data.\n"); close(fd); return NULL; } close(fd); st.remaining_len = image_len; st.remaining_buf = firmware_buf; /* Read and compare magic bytes. */ if (!StatefulMemcpy(&st, &image->magic, FIRMWARE_MAGIC_SIZE)) goto parse_failure; if (SafeMemcmp(image->magic, FIRMWARE_MAGIC, FIRMWARE_MAGIC_SIZE)) { fprintf(stderr, "Wrong Firmware Magic.\n"); goto parse_failure; } StatefulMemcpy(&st, &image->header_len, sizeof(image->header_len)); StatefulMemcpy(&st, &image->sign_algorithm, sizeof(image->sign_algorithm)); /* Valid Algorithm? */ if (image->sign_algorithm > kNumAlgorithms) goto parse_failure; /* Compute size of pre-processed RSA public key and signature. */ sign_key_len = (2*siglen_map[image->sign_algorithm]*sizeof(uint32_t) + sizeof(uint32_t) + sizeof(int)); signature_len = siglen_map[image->sign_algorithm] * sizeof(uint32_t); /* Check whether the header length is correct. */ header_len = (sizeof(image->header_len) + sizeof(image->sign_algorithm) + sizeof(image->key_version) + sizeof(image->header_checksum)); if (header_len != image->header_len) { fprintf(stderr, "Header length mismatch."); goto parse_failure; } /* Read pre-processed public half of the sign key. */ image->sign_key = (uint8_t*) Malloc(sign_key_len); StatefulMemcpy(&st, image->sign_key, sign_key_len); StatefulMemcpy(&st, &image->key_version, sizeof(image->key_version)); StatefulMemcpy(&st, image->header_checksum, sizeof(image->header_checksum)); /* Read key signature. */ StatefulMemcpy(&st, image->key_signature, sizeof(image->key_signature)); /* Read the firmware preamble. */ StatefulMemcpy(&st,&image->firmware_version, sizeof(image->firmware_version)); StatefulMemcpy(&st, &image->firmware_len, sizeof(image->firmware_len)); StatefulMemcpy(&st, image->preamble, sizeof(image->preamble)); /* Read firmware preamble signature. */ image->preamble_signature = (uint8_t*) Malloc(signature_len); StatefulMemcpy(&st, image->preamble_signature, signature_len); image->firmware_signature = (uint8_t*) Malloc(signature_len); StatefulMemcpy(&st, image->firmware_signature, signature_len); image->firmware_data = (uint8_t*) Malloc(image->firmware_len); StatefulMemcpy(&st, image->firmware_data, image->firmware_len); if(st.remaining_len != 0) /* Overrun or underrun. */ goto parse_failure; Free(firmware_buf); return image; parse_failure: Free(firmware_buf); return NULL; } void WriteFirmwareHeader(int fd, FirmwareImage* image) { int sign_key_len; write(fd, &image->header_len, sizeof(image->header_len)); write(fd, &image->sign_algorithm, sizeof(image->header_len)); sign_key_len = (image->header_len - sizeof(image->header_len) - sizeof(image->sign_algorithm) - sizeof(image->key_version) - sizeof(image->header_checksum)); write(fd, image->sign_key, sign_key_len); write(fd, &image->key_version, sizeof(image->key_version)); write(fd, &image->header_checksum, sizeof(image->header_checksum)); } void WriteFirmwarePreamble(int fd, FirmwareImage* image) { write(fd, &image->firmware_version, sizeof(image->firmware_version)); write(fd, &image->firmware_len, sizeof(image->firmware_len)); write(fd, image->preamble, sizeof(image->preamble)); } FirmwareImage* WriteFirmwareImage(const char* input_file, FirmwareImage* image) { int fd; int signature_len; if (!image) return NULL; if (-1 == (fd = creat(input_file, S_IRWXU))) { fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open file for writing.\n"); return NULL; } write(fd, image->magic, sizeof(image->magic)); WriteFirmwareHeader(fd, image); write(fd, image->key_signature, sizeof(image->key_signature)); signature_len = siglen_map[image->sign_algorithm] * sizeof(uint32_t); WriteFirmwarePreamble(fd, image); write(fd, image->preamble_signature, signature_len); write(fd, image->firmware_signature, signature_len); write(fd, image->firmware_data, image->firmware_len); close(fd); return image; } void PrintFirmware(const FirmwareImage* image) { if (!image) return; /* Print header. */ printf("Header Length = %d\n" "Algorithm Id = %d\n" "Signature Algorithm = %s\n" "Key Version = %d\n\n", image->header_len, image->sign_algorithm, algo_strings[image->sign_algorithm], image->key_version); /* TODO(gauravsh): Output hash and key signature here? */ /* Print preamble. */ printf("Firmware Version = %d\n" "Firmware Length = %d\n\n", image->firmware_version, image->firmware_len); /* Output key signature here? */ } char* kVerifyFirmwareErrors[VERIFY_FIRMWARE_MAX] = { "Success.", "Invalid Image.", "Root Key Signature Failed.", "Invalid Verification Algorithm.", "Preamble Signature Failed.", "Firmware Signature Failed.", "Wrong Firmware Magic.", }; int VerifyFirmwareHeader(const uint8_t* root_key_blob, const uint8_t* header_blob, const int dev_mode, int* algorithm, int* header_len) { int sign_key_len; int root_key_len; uint16_t hlen, algo; uint8_t* header_checksum = NULL; /* Base Offset for the header_checksum field. Actual offset is * this + sign_key_len. */ int base_header_checksum_offset = (FIELD_LEN(header_len) + FIELD_LEN(sign_algorithm) + FIELD_LEN(key_version)); root_key_len = RSAProcessedKeySize(ROOT_SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM); Memcpy(&hlen, header_blob, sizeof(hlen)); Memcpy(&algo, header_blob + FIELD_LEN(sign_algorithm), sizeof(algo)); if (algo >= kNumAlgorithms) return VERIFY_FIRMWARE_INVALID_ALGORITHM; *algorithm = (int) algo; sign_key_len = RSAProcessedKeySize(*algorithm); /* Verify if header len is correct? */ if (hlen != (base_header_checksum_offset + sign_key_len + FIELD_LEN(header_checksum))) return VERIFY_FIRMWARE_INVALID_IMAGE; *header_len = (int) hlen; /* Verify if the hash of the header is correct. */ header_checksum = DigestBuf(header_blob, *header_len - FIELD_LEN(header_checksum), SHA512_DIGEST_ALGORITHM); if (SafeMemcmp(header_checksum, header_blob + (base_header_checksum_offset + sign_key_len), FIELD_LEN(header_checksum))) { Free(header_checksum); return VERIFY_FIRMWARE_INVALID_IMAGE; } Free(header_checksum); /* Verify root key signature unless we are in dev mode. */ if (!dev_mode) { if (!RSAVerifyBinary_f(root_key_blob, NULL, /* Key to use */ header_blob, /* Data to verify */ *header_len, /* Length of data */ header_blob + *header_len, /* Expected Signature */ ROOT_SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM)) return VERIFY_FIRMWARE_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FAILED; } return 0; } int VerifyFirmwarePreamble(RSAPublicKey* sign_key, const uint8_t* preamble_blob, int algorithm, int* firmware_len) { uint32_t len; int preamble_len; preamble_len = (FIELD_LEN(firmware_version) + FIELD_LEN(firmware_len) + FIELD_LEN(preamble)); if (!RSAVerifyBinary_f(NULL, sign_key, /* Key to use */ preamble_blob, /* Data to verify */ preamble_len, /* Length of data */ preamble_blob + preamble_len, /* Expected Signature */ algorithm)) return VERIFY_FIRMWARE_PREAMBLE_SIGNATURE_FAILED; Memcpy(&len, preamble_blob + FIELD_LEN(firmware_version), sizeof(len)); *firmware_len = (int) len; return 0; } int VerifyFirmwareData(RSAPublicKey* sign_key, const uint8_t* firmware_data_start, int firmware_len, int algorithm) { int signature_len = siglen_map[algorithm] * sizeof(uint32_t); if (!RSAVerifyBinary_f(NULL, sign_key, /* Key to use. */ firmware_data_start + signature_len, /* Data to * verify */ firmware_len, /* Length of data. */ firmware_data_start, /* Expected Signature */ algorithm)) return VERIFY_FIRMWARE_SIGNATURE_FAILED; return 0; } int VerifyFirmware(const uint8_t* root_key_blob, const uint8_t* firmware_blob, const int dev_mode) { int error_code; int algorithm; /* Signing key algorithm. */ RSAPublicKey* sign_key; int sign_key_len, signature_len, header_len, firmware_len; const uint8_t* header_ptr; /* Pointer to header. */ const uint8_t* sign_key_ptr; /* Pointer to signing key. */ const uint8_t* preamble_ptr; /* Pointer to preamble block. */ const uint8_t* firmware_ptr; /* Pointer to firmware signature/data. */ /* Note: All the offset calculations are based on struct FirmwareImage which * is defined in include/firmware_image.h. */ /* Compare magic bytes. */ if (SafeMemcmp(firmware_blob, FIRMWARE_MAGIC, FIRMWARE_MAGIC_SIZE)) return VERIFY_FIRMWARE_WRONG_MAGIC; header_ptr = firmware_blob + FIRMWARE_MAGIC_SIZE; /* Only continue if header verification succeeds. */ if ((error_code = VerifyFirmwareHeader(root_key_blob, header_ptr, dev_mode, &algorithm, &header_len))) return error_code; /* AKA jump to revovery. */ /* Parse signing key into RSAPublicKey structure since it is required multiple * times. */ sign_key_len = RSAProcessedKeySize(algorithm); sign_key_ptr = header_ptr + (FIELD_LEN(header_len) + FIELD_LEN(sign_algorithm)); sign_key = RSAPublicKeyFromBuf(sign_key_ptr, sign_key_len); signature_len = siglen_map[algorithm] * sizeof(uint32_t); /* Only continue if preamble verification succeeds. */ preamble_ptr = (header_ptr + header_len + FIELD_LEN(key_signature)); if ((error_code = VerifyFirmwarePreamble(sign_key, preamble_ptr, algorithm, &firmware_len))) return error_code; /* AKA jump to recovery. */ /* Only continue if firmware data verification succeeds. */ firmware_ptr = (preamble_ptr + FIELD_LEN(firmware_version) + FIELD_LEN(firmware_len) + FIELD_LEN(preamble) + signature_len); if ((error_code = VerifyFirmwareData(sign_key, firmware_ptr, firmware_len, algorithm))) return error_code; /* AKA jump to recovery. */ return 0; /* Success! */ } int VerifyFirmwareImage(const RSAPublicKey* root_key, const FirmwareImage* image, const int dev_mode) { RSAPublicKey* sign_key; uint8_t* header_digest = NULL; uint8_t* preamble_digest = NULL; uint8_t* firmware_digest = NULL; int sign_key_size; int signature_size; int error_code = 0; DigestContext ctx; if (!image) return VERIFY_FIRMWARE_INVALID_IMAGE; /* Verify root key signature on the sign key header if we * are not in dev mode. * * TODO(gauravsh): Add additional sanity checks here for: * 1) verifying the header length is correct. * 2) header_checksum is correct. */ if (!dev_mode) { DigestInit(&ctx, ROOT_SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM); DigestUpdate(&ctx, (uint8_t*) &image->header_len, sizeof(image->header_len)); DigestUpdate(&ctx, (uint8_t*) &image->sign_algorithm, sizeof(image->sign_algorithm)); DigestUpdate(&ctx, image->sign_key, RSAProcessedKeySize(image->sign_algorithm)); DigestUpdate(&ctx, (uint8_t*) &image->key_version, sizeof(image->key_version)); DigestUpdate(&ctx, image->header_checksum, sizeof(image->header_checksum)); header_digest = DigestFinal(&ctx); if (!RSA_verify(root_key, image->key_signature, sizeof(image->key_signature), ROOT_SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM, header_digest)) { error_code = VERIFY_FIRMWARE_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FAILED; goto verify_failure; } } /* Get sign key to verify the rest of the firmware. */ sign_key_size = RSAProcessedKeySize(image->sign_algorithm); sign_key = RSAPublicKeyFromBuf(image->sign_key, sign_key_size); signature_size = siglen_map[image->sign_algorithm] * sizeof(uint32_t); if (image->sign_algorithm >= kNumAlgorithms) return VERIFY_FIRMWARE_INVALID_ALGORITHM; /* Verify firmware preamble signature. */ DigestInit(&ctx, image->sign_algorithm); DigestUpdate(&ctx, (uint8_t*) &image->firmware_version, sizeof(image->firmware_version)); DigestUpdate(&ctx, (uint8_t*) &image->firmware_len, sizeof(image->firmware_len)); DigestUpdate(&ctx, (uint8_t*) &image->preamble, sizeof(image->preamble)); preamble_digest = DigestFinal(&ctx); if (!RSA_verify(sign_key, image->preamble_signature, signature_size, image->sign_algorithm, preamble_digest)) { error_code = VERIFY_FIRMWARE_PREAMBLE_SIGNATURE_FAILED; goto verify_failure; } /* Verify firmware signature. */ firmware_digest = DigestBuf(image->firmware_data, image->firmware_len, image->sign_algorithm); if(!RSA_verify(sign_key, image->firmware_signature, signature_size, image->sign_algorithm, firmware_digest)) { error_code = VERIFY_FIRMWARE_SIGNATURE_FAILED; goto verify_failure; } verify_failure: Free(firmware_digest); Free(preamble_digest); Free(header_digest); return error_code; } int AddKeySignature(FirmwareImage* image, char* root_key_file) { int tmp_hdr_fd; char* tmp_hdr_file = ".tmpHdrFile"; uint8_t* signature; if(-1 == (tmp_hdr_fd = creat(tmp_hdr_file, S_IRWXU))) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not open temporary file for writing " "firmware header.\n"); return 0; } WriteFirmwareHeader(tmp_hdr_fd, image); close(tmp_hdr_fd); if (!(signature = SignatureFile(tmp_hdr_file, root_key_file, ROOT_SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM))) return 0; Memcpy(image->key_signature, signature, RSA8192NUMBYTES); return 1; } int AddFirmwareSignature(FirmwareImage* image, char* signing_key_file, int algorithm) { int tmp_preamble_fd; char* tmp_preamble_file = ".tmpPreambleFile"; int tmp_firmware_fd; char* tmp_firmware_file = ".tmpFirmwareFile"; uint8_t* preamble_signature; uint8_t* firmware_signature; int signature_len = siglen_map[algorithm] * sizeof(uint32_t); /* Write preamble to a file. */ if(-1 == (tmp_preamble_fd = creat(tmp_preamble_file, S_IRWXU))) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not open temporary file for writing " "firmware preamble.\n"); return 0; } WriteFirmwarePreamble(tmp_preamble_fd, image); close(tmp_preamble_fd); if (!(preamble_signature = SignatureFile(tmp_preamble_file, signing_key_file, algorithm))) return 0; image->preamble_signature = (uint8_t*) Malloc(signature_len); Memcpy(image->preamble_signature, preamble_signature, signature_len); Free(preamble_signature); if (-1 == (tmp_firmware_fd = creat(tmp_firmware_file, S_IRWXU))) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not open temporary file for writing " "firmware.\n"); return 0; } write(tmp_firmware_fd, image->firmware_data, image->firmware_len); close(tmp_firmware_fd); if (!(firmware_signature = SignatureFile(tmp_firmware_file, signing_key_file, algorithm))) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not open temporary file for writing " "firmware.\n"); return 0; } image->firmware_signature = (uint8_t*) Malloc(signature_len); Memcpy(image->firmware_signature, firmware_signature, signature_len); Free(firmware_signature); return 1; }