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Diagnose docs + changelog (#12159)

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Hridoy Roy
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```release-note:feature
operator diagnose: a new vault operator command to detect common issues with vault server setups.
```

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---
layout: docs
page_title: operator diagnose - Command
description: |-
"vault operator diagnose" is a new operator-centric command, focused on providing a clear description
of what is working in Vault, and what is not working. The command focuses on why Vault cannot serve requests,
but will also warn on configurations or statuses that it deems to be unsafe in some way.
---
# operator diagnose
The operator diagnose command should be used primarily when vault is down or
partially inoperational. The command can be used safely regardless of the state
vault is in, but may return meaningless results for some of the test cases if the
vault server is already running.
Note: if you run the diagnose command proactively, either before a server
starts or while a server is operational, please consult the documentation
on the individual checks below to see which checks are returning false error
messages or warnings.
## Usage
The following flags are available in addition to the [standard set of
flags](/docs/commands) included on all commands.
### Output Options
- `-format` `(string: "table")` - Print the output in the given format. Valid
formats are "table", "json", or "yaml". This can also be specified via the
`VAULT_FORMAT` environment variable.
#### Output Layout
The operator diagnose command will output a set of lines in the CLI.
Each line will begin with a prefix in parenthesis. These are:.
- `[ success ]` - Denotes that the check was successful.
- `[ warning ]` - Denotes that the check has passed, but that there may be potential
issues to look into that may relate to the issues vault is experiencing. Diagnose warns
frequently. These warnings are meant to serve as starting points in the debugging process.
- `[ failure ]` - Denotes that the check has failed. Failures are critical issues in the eyes
of the diagnose command.
In addition to these prefixed lines, there may be output lines that are not prefixed, but are
color-coded purple. These are advice lines from Diagnose, and are meant to offer general guidance
on how to go about fixing potential warnings or failures that may arise.
Warn or fail prefixes in nested checks will bubble up to the parent if the prefix superceeds the
parent prefix. Fail superceeds warn, and warn superceeds ok. For example, if the TLS checks under
the Storage check fails, the `[ failure ]` prefix will bubble up to the Storage check.
### Command Options
- `-config` `(string; "")` - The path to the vault configuration file used by
the vault server on startup.
### Diagnose Checks
The following section details the various checks that Diagnose runs. Check names in documentation
will be separated by slashes to denote that they are nested, when applicable. For example, a check
documented as `A / B` will show up as `B` in the `operator diagnose` output, and will be nested
(indented) under `A`.
#### Vault Diagnose
`Vault Diagnose` is the top level check that contains the rest of the checks. It will report the status
of the check
#### Check Operating System / Check Open File Limit
`Check Open File Limit` verifies that the open file limit value is set high enough for vault
to run effectively. We recommend setting these limits to at least 1024768.
This check will be skipped on openbsd, arm, and windows.
#### Check Operating System / Check Disk Usage
`Check Disk Usage` will report disk usage for each partition. For each partition on a prod host,
we recommend having at least 5% of the partition free to use, and at least 1 GB of space.
This check will be skipped on openbsd and arm.
#### Parse Configuration
`Parse Configuration` will check the vault server config file for syntax errors. It will check
for extra values in the configuration file, repeated stanzas, and stanzas that do not belong
in the configuration file (for example a "tcpp" listener as opposed to a tcp listener).
Currently, the `storage` stanza is not checked.
#### Check Storage / Create Storage Backend
`Create Storage Backend` ensures that the storage stanza configured in the vault server config
has enough information to create a storage object internally. Common errors will have to do
with misconfigured fields in the storage stanza.
#### Check Storage / Check Consul TLS
`Check Consul TLS` verifies TLS information included in the storage stanza if the storage type
is consul. If a certificate chain is provided, Diagnose parses the root, intermediate, and leaf
certificates, and checks each one for correctness.
#### Check Storage / Check Consul Direct Storage Access
`Check Consul Direct Storage Access` is a consul-specific check that ensures Vault is not accessing
the consul server directly, but rather through a local agent.
#### Check Storage / Check Raft Folder Permissions
`Check Raft Folder Permissions` computes the permissions on the raft folder, checks that a boltDB file
has been initialized within the folder previously, and ensures that the folder is not too permissive, but
at the same time has enough permissions to be used. The raft folder should not have `other` permissions, but
should have `group rw` or `owner rw`, depending on different setups. This check also warns if it detects a
symlink being used.
Note that this check will warn that a raft file has not been created if diagnose is run without any
pre-existing server runs.
This check will be skipped on windows.
#### Check Storage / Check Raft Folder Ownership
`Check Raft Folder Ownership` ensures that vault does not need to run as root to access the boltDB folder.
Note that this check will warn that a raft file has not been created if diagnose is run without any
pre-existing server runs.
This check will be skipped on windows.
#### Check Storage / Check For Raft Quorum
`Check For Raft Quorum` uses the FSM to ensure that there were an odd number of voters in the raft quorum when
vault was last running.
Note that this check will warn that there are 0 voters if diagnose is run without any pre-existing server runs.
#### Check Storage / Check Storage Access
`Check Storage Access` will try to write a dud value, named `diagnose/latency/<uuid>`, to storage.
Ensure that there is no important data at this location before running diagnose, as this check
will overwrite that data. This check will then try to list and read the value it wrote to ensure
the name and value is as expected.
`Check Storage Access` will warn if any operation takes longer than 100ms, and error out if the
entire check takes longer than 30s.
#### Check Service Discovery / Check Consul Service Discovery TLS
`Check Consul Service Discovery TLS` verifies TLS information included in the service discovery
stanza if the storage type is consul. If a certificate chain is provided, Diagnose parses
the root, intermediate, and leaf certificates, and checks each one for correctness.
#### Check Service Discovery / Check Consul Direct Service Discovery
`Check Consul Direct Service Discovery` is a consul-specific check that ensures Vault
is not accessing the consul server directly, but rather through a local agent.
#### Create Vault Server Configuration Seals
`Create Vault Server Configuration Seals` creates seals from the vault configuration
stanza and verifies they can be initialized and finalized.
#### Check Transit Seal TLS
`Check Transit Seal TLS` checks the TLS client certificate, key, and CA certificate
provided in a transit seal stanza (if one exists) for correctness.
#### Create Core Configuration / Initialize Randomness for Core
`Initialize Randomness for Core` ensures that vault has access to the randReader that
the vault core uses.
#### HA Storage
This check and any nested checks will be the same as the `Check Storage` checks.
The only difference is that the checks here will be run on whatever is specified in the
`ha_storage` section of the vault configuration, as opposed to the `storage` section.
#### Determine Redirect Address
Ensures that one of the `VAULT_API_ADDR`, `VAULT_REDIRECT_ADDR`, or `VAULT_ADVERTISE_ADDR`
environment variables are set, or that the redirect address is specified in the vault
configuration.
#### Check Cluster Address
Parses the cluster address from the `VAULT_CLUSTER_ADDR` environment variable, or from the
redirect address or cluster address specified in the vault configuration, and checks that
the address is of the form `host:port`.
#### Check Core Creation
`Check Core Creation` verifies the logical configuration checks that vault does when it
creates a core object. These are runtime checks, meaning any errors thrown by this diagnose
test will also be thrown by the vault server itself when it is run.
#### Check For Autoloaded License
`Check For Autoloaded License` is an enterprise diagnose check, which verifies that vault
has access to a valid autoloaded license that will not expire in the next 30 days.
#### Start Listeners / Check Listener TLS
`Check Listener TLS` verifies the server certificate file and key are valid and matching.
It also checks the client CA file, if one is provided, for a valid certificate, and performs
the standard runtime listener checks on the listener configuration stanza, such as verifying
that the minimum and maximum TLS versions are within the bounds of what vault supports.
Like all the other Diagnose TLS checks, it will warn if any of the certificates provided are
set to expire within the next month.
#### Start Listeners / Create Listeners
`Create Listeners` uses the listener configuration to initialize the listeners, erroring with
a server error if anything goes wrong.
#### Check Autounseal Encryption
`Check Autounseal Encryption` will initialize the barrier using the seal stanza, if the seal
type is not a shamir seal, and use it to encrypt and decrypt a dud value.
#### Check Server Before Runtime
`Check Server Before Runtime` achieves parity with the server run command, running through
the runtime code checks before the server is initialized to ensure that nothing fails.
This check will never fail without another diagnose check failing.