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* Add set up vault service doc * Suggestions/edits (#28394) --------- Co-authored-by: Sarah Chavis <62406755+schavis@users.noreply.github.com>
340 lines
8.3 KiB
Plaintext
340 lines
8.3 KiB
Plaintext
---
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layout: docs
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page_title: Install Vault manually
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description: >-
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Manually install a Vault binary.
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---
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# Manually install a Vault binary
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Install Vault using a compiled binary.
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## Before you start
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- **You must have a valid Vault binary**. You can
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[download and unzip a precompiled binary](/vault/install) or
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[build a local instance of Vault from source code](/vault/docs/install/build-from-code).
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## Step 1: Configure the environment
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<Tabs>
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<Tab heading="Linux shell" group="nix">
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1. Set the `VAULT_DATA` environment variable to your preferred Vault data
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directory. For example, `/opt/vault/data`:
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```shell-session
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export VAULT_DATA=/opt/vault/data
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```
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1. Set the `VAULT_CONFIG` environment variable to your preferred Vault
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configuration directory. For example, `/etc/vault.d`:
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```shell-session
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export VAULT_CONFIG=/etc/vault.d
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```
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1. Move the Vault binary to `/usr/bin`:
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```shell-session
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$ sudo mv PATH/TO/VAULT/BINARY /usr/bin/
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```
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1. Ensure the Vault binary can use `mlock()` to run as a non-root user:
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```shell-session
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$ sudo setcap cap_ipc_lock=+ep $(readlink -f $(which vault))
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```
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See the support article
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[Vault and mlock()](https://support.hashicorp.com/hc/en-us/articles/115012787688-Vault-and-mlock)
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for more information.
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1. Create your Vault data directory:
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```shell-session
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$ sudo mkdir -p ${VAULT_DATA}
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```
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1. Create your Vault configuration directory:
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```shell-session
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$ sudo mkdir -p ${VAULT_CONFIG}
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```
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<Highlight title="Best practice">
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We recommend storing Vault data and Vault logs on different volumes than the
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operating system.
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</Highlight>
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</Tab>
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<Tab heading="Powershell" group="ps">
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1. Run Powershell as Administrator.
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1. Set a `VAULT_HOME` environment variable to your preferred Vault home
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directory. For example, `c:\Program Files\Vault`:
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```powershell
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$env:VAULT_HOME = "${env:ProgramFiles}\Vault"
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```
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1. Create the Vault home directory:
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```powershell
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New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path "${env:VAULT_HOME}"
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```
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1. Create the Vault data directory. For example, `c:\Program Files\Vault\Data`:
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```powershell
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New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path "${env:VAULT_HOME}/Data"
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```
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1. Create the Vault configuration directory. For example,
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`c:\Program Files\Vault\Config`:
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```powershell
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New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path "${env:VAULT_HOME}/Config"
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```
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1. Create the Vault logs directory. For example, `c:\Program Files\Vault\Logs`:
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```powershell
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New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path "${env:VAULT_HOME}/Logs"
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```
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1. Move the Vault binary to your Vault directory:
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```powershell
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Move-Item `
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-Path <PATH/TO/VAULT/BINARY> `
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-Destination ${env:VAULT_HOME}\vault.exe
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```
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1. Add the Vault home directory to the system `Path` variable.
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[](/img/install/windows-system-path.png)
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</Tab>
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</Tabs>
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## Step 2: Configure user permissions
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<Tabs>
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<Tab heading="Linux shell" group="nix">
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1. Create a system user called `vault` to run Vault when your Vault data
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directory as `home` and `nologin` as the shell:
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```shell-session
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$ sudo useradd --system --home ${VAULT_DATA} --shell /sbin/nologin vault
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```
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1. Change directory ownership of your data directory to the `vault` user:
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```shell-session
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$ sudo chown vault:vault ${VAULT_DATA}
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```
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1. Grant the `vault` user full permission on the data directory, search
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permission for the group, and deny access to others:
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```shell-session
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$ sudo chmod -R 750 ${VAULT_DATA}
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```
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</Tab>
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<Tab heading="Powershell" group="ps">
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1. Create an access rule to grant the `Local System` user access to the Vault
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directory and related files:
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```powershell
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$SystemAccessRule =
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New-Object System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemAccessRule(
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"SYSTEM",
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"FullControl",
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"ContainerInherit,Objectinherit",
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"none",
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"Allow"
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)
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```
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1. Create an access rule to grant yourself access to the Vault directory and
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related files so you can test your Vault installation:
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```powershell
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$myUsername = Get-CimInstance -Class Win32_Computersystem | `
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Select-Object UserName | foreach {$_.UserName} ; `
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$AdminAccessRule =
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New-Object System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemAccessRule(
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"$myUsername",
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"FullControl",
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"ContainerInherit,Objectinherit",
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"none",
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"Allow"
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)
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```
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<Highlight title="Create additional access rules for human users if needed">
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If you expect other accounts to start and run the Vault server, you must
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create and apply access rules for those users as well. While users can run
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the Vault CLI without explicit access, if they try to start the Vault
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server, the process will fail with a permission denied error.
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</Highlight>
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1. Update permissions on the `env:VAULT_HOME` directory:
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```powershell
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$ACLObject = Get-ACL ${env:VAULT_HOME} ; `
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$ACLObject.AddAccessRule($AdminAccessRule) ; `
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$ACLObject.AddAccessRule($SystemAccessRule) ; `
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Set-Acl ${env:VAULT_HOME} $ACLObject
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```
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</Tab>
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</Tabs>
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## Step 3: Create a basic configuration file
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Create a basic Vault configuration file for testing and development.
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<Warning title="Always enable TLS for production">
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The sample configuration below disables TLS for simplicity and is not
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appropriate for production use. Refer to the
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[configuration documentation](/vault/docs/configuration) for a full list of
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supported parameters.
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</Warning>
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<Tabs>
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<Tab heading="Linux shell" group="nix">
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1. Create a file called `vault.hcl` under your configuration directory:
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```shell-session
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$ sudo tee ${VAULT_CONFIG}/vault.hcl <<EOF
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ui = true
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cluster_addr = "http://127.0.0.1:8201"
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api_addr = "https://127.0.0.1:8200"
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disable_mlock = true
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storage "raft" {
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path = "${VAULT_DATA}"
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node_id = "127.0.0.1"
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}
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listener "tcp" {
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address = "0.0.0.0:8200"
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cluster_address = "0.0.0.0:8201"
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tls_disable = 1
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}
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EOF
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```
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1. Change ownership and permissions on the Vault configuration file.
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```shell-session
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$ sudo chown vault:vault "${VAULT_CONFIG}/vault.hcl" && \
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sudo chmod 640 "${VAULT_CONFIG}/vault.hcl"
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```
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</Tab>
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<Tab heading="Powershell" group="ps">
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Create a file called `vault.hcl` under your configuration directory:
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```powershell
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@"
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ui = true
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cluster_addr = "http://127.0.0.1:8201"
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api_addr = "https://127.0.0.1:8200"
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disable_mlock = true
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storage "raft" {
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path = "$(${env:VAULT_HOME}.Replace('\','\\'))\\Data"
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node_id = "127.0.0.1"
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}
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listener "tcp" {
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address = "0.0.0.0:8200"
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cluster_address = "0.0.0.0:8201"
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tls_disable = 1
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}
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"@ | Out-File -FilePath ${env:VAULT_HOME}/Config/vault.hcl -Encoding ascii
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```
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<Note title="The double backslashes (\\) are not an error">
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You **must** escape the Windows path character in your Vault configuration
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file or the Vault server will fail with an error claiming the file contains
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invalid characters.
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</Note>
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</Tab>
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</Tabs>
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## Step 4: Verify your installation
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To confirm your Vault installation, use the help option with the Vault CLI to
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confirm the CLI is accessible and bring up the server in development mode to
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confirm you can run the binary.
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<Tabs>
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<Tab heading="Linux shell" group="nix">
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1. Bring up the help menu in the Vault CLI:
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```shell-session
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$ vault -h
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```
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1. Use the Vault CLI to bring up a Vault server in development mode:
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```shell-session
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$ vault server -dev -config ${VAULT_CONFIG}/vault.hcl
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```
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</Tab>
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<Tab heading="Powershell" group="ps">
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1. Start a new Powershell session without Administrator permission.
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1. Bring up the help menu in the Vault CLI:
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```powershell
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vault -h
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```
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1. Use the Vault CLI to bring up a Vault server in development mode:
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```powershell
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vault server -dev -config ${env:VAULT_HOME}\Config\vault.hcl
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```
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</Tab>
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</Tabs>
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## Related tutorials
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The following tutorials provide additional guidance for installing Vault and
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production cluster deployment:
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- [Get started: Install Vault](/vault/tutorials/getting-started/getting-started-install)
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- [Day One Preparation](/vault/tutorials/day-one-raft)
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- [Recommended Patterns](/vault/tutorials/recommended-patterns)
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- [Start the server in dev mode](/vault/tutorials/getting-started/getting-started-dev-server) |