Use device capabilities to identify radio band (#104)

lib-cloudsdk/src/main/java/com/facebook/openwifi/cloudsdk/UCentralConstants.java

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ public final class UCentralConstants {
 	public static final String BAND_2G = "2G";
 	/** String of the 5 GHz band */
 	public static final String BAND_5G = "5G";
-	/** List of all bands */
+	/** List of all bands ordered from lowest to highest */
 	public static final List<String> BANDS = Collections
 		.unmodifiableList(Arrays.asList(BAND_2G, BAND_5G));
 

lib-cloudsdk/src/main/java/com/facebook/openwifi/cloudsdk/UCentralUtils.java

@@ -63,6 +63,8 @@ public class UCentralUtils {
 				Arrays.asList(36, 40, 44, 48, 149, 153, 157, 161, 165)
 			)
 		);
+		// NOTE: later, we may want to support channels 12, 13, and/or 14, if
+		// the AP supports it and OWF vendors will use them
 		bandToChannelsMap.put(
 			UCentralConstants.BAND_2G,
 			Collections.unmodifiableList(
@@ -416,23 +418,6 @@ public class UCentralUtils {
 		return bssidMap;
 	}
 
-	/**
-	 * Converts channel number to that channel's center frequency in MHz.
-	 *
-	 * @param channel channel number
-	 * @return the center frequency of the given channel in MHz
-	 */
-	public static int channelToFrequencyMHz(int channel) {
-		// TODO fixme
-		if (channel <= 14) {
-			// 2.4 GHz
-			return 2407 + 5 * channel;
-		} else {
-			// 5 GHz
-			return 5000 + channel;
-		}
-	}
-
 	/**
 	 * Determines if the given channel is in the given band.
 	 *
@@ -444,20 +429,13 @@ public class UCentralUtils {
 		return AVAILABLE_CHANNELS_BAND.get(band).contains(channel);
 	}
 
-	/**
+	/** Return which band contains the given frequency (MHz). */
-	 * Given the channel, gets the band by checking lower bound and upper bound
+	public static String freqToBand(int freqMHz) {
-	 * of each band
+		if (2412 <= freqMHz && freqMHz <= 2484) {
-	 *
+			return "2G";
-	 * @param channel channel number
+		} else {
-	 * @return band if the channel can be mapped to a valid band; null otherwise
+			return "5G";
-	 */
-	public static String getBandFromChannel(int channel) {
-		for (String band : UCentralConstants.BANDS) {
-			if (isChannelInBand(channel, band)) {
-				return band;
-			}
 		}
-		return null;
 	}
 
 	/**

owrrm/src/main/java/com/facebook/openwifi/rrm/modules/ModelerUtils.java

@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@ import com.facebook.openwifi.cloudsdk.models.ap.State.Interface.SSID.Association
 import com.facebook.openwifi.rrm.aggregators.Aggregator;
 import com.facebook.openwifi.rrm.aggregators.MeanAggregator;
 import com.facebook.openwifi.rrm.modules.Modeler.DataModel;
+import com.google.gson.JsonArray;
+import com.google.gson.JsonElement;
+import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
 
 /**
  * Modeler utilities.
@@ -555,4 +558,28 @@ public class ModelerUtils {
 			station
 		);
 	}
+
+	/** Return the radio's band, or null if band cannot be found */
+	public static String getBand(
+		State.Radio radio,
+		JsonObject deviceCapability
+	) {
+		if (radio.phy == null) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		JsonElement radioCapabilityElement = deviceCapability.get(radio.phy);
+		if (radioCapabilityElement == null) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		JsonObject radioCapability = radioCapabilityElement.getAsJsonObject();
+		JsonElement bandsElement = radioCapability.get("band");
+		if (bandsElement == null) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		JsonArray bands = bandsElement.getAsJsonArray();
+		if (bands.isEmpty()) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		return bands.get(0).getAsString();
+	}
 }

owrrm/src/main/java/com/facebook/openwifi/rrm/optimizers/channel/ChannelOptimizer.java

@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ import com.facebook.openwifi.rrm.DeviceConfig;
 import com.facebook.openwifi.rrm.DeviceDataManager;
 import com.facebook.openwifi.rrm.modules.ConfigManager;
 import com.facebook.openwifi.rrm.modules.Modeler.DataModel;
+import com.facebook.openwifi.rrm.modules.ModelerUtils;
+import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
 
 /**
  * Channel optimizer base class.
@@ -298,25 +300,28 @@ public abstract class ChannelOptimizer {
 			List<WifiScanEntry> scanRespsFiltered =
 				new ArrayList<WifiScanEntry>();
 			for (WifiScanEntry entry : scanResps) {
-				if (UCentralUtils.isChannelInBand(entry.channel, band)) {
+				final String entryBand = UCentralUtils
-					int channelWidth = getChannelWidthFromWiFiScan(
+					.freqToBand(entry.frequency);
+				if (entryBand == null || !entryBand.equals(band)) {
+					continue;
+				}
+				int channelWidth = getChannelWidthFromWiFiScan(
+					entry.channel,
+					entry.ht_oper,
+					entry.vht_oper
+				);
+				int primaryChannel =
+					getPrimaryChannel(entry.channel, channelWidth);
+				List<Integer> coveredChannels =
+					getCoveredChannels(
 						entry.channel,
-						entry.ht_oper,
+						primaryChannel,
-						entry.vht_oper
+						channelWidth
 					);
-					int primaryChannel =
+				for (Integer newChannel : coveredChannels) {
-						getPrimaryChannel(entry.channel, channelWidth);
+					WifiScanEntry newEntry = new WifiScanEntry(entry);
-					List<Integer> coveredChannels =
+					newEntry.channel = newChannel;
-						getCoveredChannels(
+					scanRespsFiltered.add(newEntry);
-							entry.channel,
-							primaryChannel,
-							channelWidth
-						);
-					for (Integer newChannel : coveredChannels) {
-						WifiScanEntry newEntry = new WifiScanEntry(entry);
-						newEntry.channel = newChannel;
-						scanRespsFiltered.add(newEntry);
-					}
 				}
 			}
 
@@ -344,6 +349,7 @@ public abstract class ChannelOptimizer {
 	 * @param band the operational band (e.g., "2G")
 	 * @param serialNumber the device's serial number
 	 * @param state the latest state of all the devices
+	 * @param latestDeviceCapabilities latest device capabilities
 	 * @return the current channel and channel width (MHz) of the device in the
 	 * given band; returns a current channel of 0 if no channel in the given
 	 * band is found.
@@ -351,7 +357,8 @@ public abstract class ChannelOptimizer {
 	protected static int[] getCurrentChannel(
 		String band,
 		String serialNumber,
-		State state
+		State state,
+		Map<String, JsonObject> latestDeviceCapabilities
 	) {
 		int currentChannel = 0;
 		int currentChannelWidth = MIN_CHANNEL_WIDTH;
@@ -361,27 +368,40 @@ public abstract class ChannelOptimizer {
 			radioIndex < state.radios.length;
 			radioIndex++
 		) {
-			int tempChannel = state.radios[radioIndex].channel;
+			State.Radio radio = state.radios[radioIndex];
-			if (UCentralUtils.isChannelInBand(tempChannel, band)) {
+			// check if radio is in band of interest
-				currentChannel = tempChannel;
+			JsonObject deviceCapability =
-				// treat as two separate 80MHz channel and only assign to one
+				latestDeviceCapabilities.get(serialNumber);
-				// TODO: support 80p80 properly
+			if (deviceCapability == null) {
-				Integer parsedChannelWidth = UCentralUtils
-					.parseChannelWidth(
-						state.radios[radioIndex].channel_width,
-						true
-					);
-				if (parsedChannelWidth != null) {
-					currentChannelWidth = parsedChannelWidth;
-					break;
-				}
-
-				logger.error(
-					"Invalid channel width {}",
-					state.radios[radioIndex].channel_width
-				);
 				continue;
 			}
+			final String radioBand = ModelerUtils.getBand(
+				radio,
+				deviceCapability
+			);
+			if (radioBand == null || !radioBand.equals(band)) {
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			int tempChannel = radio.channel;
+			currentChannel = tempChannel;
+			// treat as two separate 80MHz channel and only assign to one
+			// TODO: support 80p80 properly
+			Integer parsedChannelWidth = UCentralUtils
+				.parseChannelWidth(
+					radio.channel_width,
+					true
+				);
+			if (parsedChannelWidth != null) {
+				currentChannelWidth = parsedChannelWidth;
+				break;
+			}
+
+			logger.error(
+				"Invalid channel width {}",
+				radio.channel_width
+			);
+			continue;
 		}
 		return new int[] { currentChannel, currentChannelWidth };
 	}

owrrm/src/main/java/com/facebook/openwifi/rrm/optimizers/channel/LeastUsedChannelOptimizer.java

@@ -393,7 +393,12 @@ public class LeastUsedChannelOptimizer extends ChannelOptimizer {
 					continue;
 				}
 				int[] currentChannelInfo =
-					getCurrentChannel(band, serialNumber, state);
+					getCurrentChannel(
+						band,
+						serialNumber,
+						state,
+						model.latestDeviceCapabilities
+					);
 				int currentChannel = currentChannelInfo[0];
 				// Filter out APs if the radios in the state do not contain a
 				// channel in a band given by the state. This can happen when

owrrm/src/main/java/com/facebook/openwifi/rrm/optimizers/channel/RandomChannelInitializer.java

@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ import com.facebook.openwifi.cloudsdk.UCentralUtils;
 import com.facebook.openwifi.cloudsdk.WifiScanEntry;
 import com.facebook.openwifi.cloudsdk.models.ap.State;
 import com.facebook.openwifi.rrm.DeviceDataManager;
-import com.facebook.openwifi.rrm.modules.ModelerUtils;
 import com.facebook.openwifi.rrm.modules.Modeler.DataModel;
+import com.facebook.openwifi.rrm.modules.ModelerUtils;
 
 /**
  * Random channel initializer.
@@ -204,7 +204,12 @@ public class RandomChannelInitializer extends ChannelOptimizer {
 					continue;
 				}
 				int[] currentChannelInfo =
-					getCurrentChannel(band, serialNumber, state);
+					getCurrentChannel(
+						band,
+						serialNumber,
+						state,
+						model.latestDeviceCapabilities
+					);
 				int currentChannel = currentChannelInfo[0];
 				int currentChannelWidth = currentChannelInfo[1];
 				if (currentChannel == 0) {

owrrm/src/main/java/com/facebook/openwifi/rrm/optimizers/tpc/LocationBasedOptimalTPC.java

@@ -18,12 +18,11 @@ import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
-import com.facebook.openwifi.cloudsdk.UCentralUtils;
 import com.facebook.openwifi.cloudsdk.models.ap.State;
 import com.facebook.openwifi.rrm.DeviceConfig;
 import com.facebook.openwifi.rrm.DeviceDataManager;
-import com.facebook.openwifi.rrm.modules.ModelerUtils;
 import com.facebook.openwifi.rrm.modules.Modeler.DataModel;
+import com.facebook.openwifi.rrm.modules.ModelerUtils;
 
 /**
  * Location-based optimal TPC algorithm.
@@ -153,6 +152,7 @@ public class LocationBasedOptimalTPC extends TPC {
 	/**
 	 * Calculate new tx powers for the given band.
 	 *
+	 * @param band band (e.g., "2G")
 	 * @param channel channel
 	 * @param serialNumbers The serial numbers of the APs with the channel
 	 * @param txPowerMap this map from serial number to band to new tx power
@@ -160,13 +160,13 @@ public class LocationBasedOptimalTPC extends TPC {
 	 *                   this method with the new tx powers.
 	 */
 	private void buildTxPowerMapForChannel(
+		String band,
 		int channel,
 		List<String> serialNumbers,
 		Map<String, Map<String, Integer>> txPowerMap
 	) {
 		int numOfAPs = 0;
 		int boundary = 100;
-		String band = UCentralUtils.getBandFromChannel(channel);
 		Map<String, Integer> validAPs = new TreeMap<>();
 		List<Double> apLocX = new ArrayList<>();
 		List<Double> apLocY = new ArrayList<>();
@@ -283,9 +283,27 @@ public class LocationBasedOptimalTPC extends TPC {
 	@Override
 	public Map<String, Map<String, Integer>> computeTxPowerMap() {
 		Map<String, Map<String, Integer>> txPowerMap = new TreeMap<>();
-		Map<Integer, List<String>> apsPerChannel = getApsPerChannel();
+		Map<String, Map<Integer, List<String>>> bandToChannelToAps =
-		for (Map.Entry<Integer, List<String>> e : apsPerChannel.entrySet()) {
+			getApsPerChannel();
-			buildTxPowerMapForChannel(e.getKey(), e.getValue(), txPowerMap);
+		for (
+			Map.Entry<String, Map<Integer, List<String>>> bandEntry : bandToChannelToAps
+				.entrySet()
+		) {
+			final String band = bandEntry.getKey();
+			Map<Integer, List<String>> channelToAps = bandEntry.getValue();
+			for (
+				Map.Entry<Integer, List<String>> channelEntry : channelToAps
+					.entrySet()
+			) {
+				final int channel = channelEntry.getKey();
+				List<String> serialNumbers = channelEntry.getValue();
+				buildTxPowerMapForChannel(
+					band,
+					channel,
+					serialNumbers,
+					txPowerMap
+				);
+			}
 		}
 		return txPowerMap;
 	}

owrrm/src/main/java/com/facebook/openwifi/rrm/optimizers/tpc/MeasurementBasedApApTPC.java

@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ import com.facebook.openwifi.cloudsdk.WifiScanEntry;
 import com.facebook.openwifi.cloudsdk.models.ap.State;
 import com.facebook.openwifi.rrm.DeviceDataManager;
 import com.facebook.openwifi.rrm.modules.Modeler.DataModel;
+import com.facebook.openwifi.rrm.modules.ModelerUtils;
+import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
 
 /**
  * Measurement-based AP-AP TPC algorithm.
@@ -217,7 +219,14 @@ public class MeasurementBasedApApTPC extends TPC {
 
 			// At a given AP, if we receive a signal from ap_2, then it gets added to the rssi list for ap_2
 			latestScan.stream()
-				.filter(entry -> (managedBSSIDs.contains(entry.bssid) && UCentralUtils.isChannelInBand(entry.channel, band)))
+				.filter((entry) -> {
+					if (!managedBSSIDs.contains(entry.bssid)) {
+						return false;
+					}
+					String entryBand = UCentralUtils
+						.freqToBand(entry.frequency);
+					return entryBand != null && entryBand.equals(band);
+				})
 				.forEach(
 					entry -> {
 						bssidToRssiValues.get(entry.bssid).add(entry.signal);
@@ -296,17 +305,18 @@ public class MeasurementBasedApApTPC extends TPC {
 	/**
 	 * Calculate new tx powers for the given channel on the given APs .
 	 *
+	 * @param band band (e.g., "2G")
 	 * @param channel channel
 	 * @param serialNumbers the serial numbers of the APs with the channel
 	 * @param txPowerMap this maps from serial number to band to new tx power (dBm)
 	 *                   and is updated by this method with the new tx powers.
 	 */
 	protected void buildTxPowerMapForChannel(
+		String band,
 		int channel,
 		List<String> serialNumbers,
 		Map<String, Map<String, Integer>> txPowerMap
 	) {
-		String band = UCentralUtils.getBandFromChannel(channel);
 		Set<String> managedBSSIDs = getManagedBSSIDs(model);
 		Map<String, List<Integer>> bssidToRssiValues =
 			buildRssiMap(managedBSSIDs, model.latestWifiScans, band);
@@ -363,9 +373,16 @@ public class MeasurementBasedApApTPC extends TPC {
 					State.Radio radio = state.radios[idx];
 
 					// this specific SSID is not on the band of interest
-					if (
+					JsonObject deviceCapability = model.latestDeviceCapabilities
-						!UCentralUtils.isChannelInBand(radio.channel, band)
+						.get(serialNumber);
-					) {
+					if (deviceCapability == null) {
+						continue;
+					}
+					final String radioBand = ModelerUtils.getBand(
+						radio,
+						deviceCapability
+					);
+					if (radioBand == null || !radioBand.equals(band)) {
 						continue;
 					}
 
@@ -409,9 +426,27 @@ public class MeasurementBasedApApTPC extends TPC {
 	@Override
 	public Map<String, Map<String, Integer>> computeTxPowerMap() {
 		Map<String, Map<String, Integer>> txPowerMap = new TreeMap<>();
-		Map<Integer, List<String>> apsPerChannel = getApsPerChannel();
+		Map<String, Map<Integer, List<String>>> bandToChannelToAps =
-		for (Map.Entry<Integer, List<String>> e : apsPerChannel.entrySet()) {
+			getApsPerChannel();
-			buildTxPowerMapForChannel(e.getKey(), e.getValue(), txPowerMap);
+		for (
+			Map.Entry<String, Map<Integer, List<String>>> bandEntry : bandToChannelToAps
+				.entrySet()
+		) {
+			final String band = bandEntry.getKey();
+			Map<Integer, List<String>> channelToAps = bandEntry.getValue();
+			for (
+				Map.Entry<Integer, List<String>> channelEntry : channelToAps
+					.entrySet()
+			) {
+				final int channel = channelEntry.getKey();
+				List<String> serialNumbers = channelEntry.getValue();
+				buildTxPowerMapForChannel(
+					band,
+					channel,
+					serialNumbers,
+					txPowerMap
+				);
+			}
 		}
 		return txPowerMap;
 	}

owrrm/src/main/java/com/facebook/openwifi/rrm/optimizers/tpc/MeasurementBasedApClientTPC.java

@@ -15,13 +15,15 @@ import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.TreeMap;
 
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
 import com.facebook.openwifi.cloudsdk.UCentralUtils;
 import com.facebook.openwifi.cloudsdk.models.ap.State;
 import com.facebook.openwifi.rrm.DeviceDataManager;
 import com.facebook.openwifi.rrm.modules.Modeler.DataModel;
-
+import com.facebook.openwifi.rrm.modules.ModelerUtils;
-import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
-import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
 /**
  * Measurement-based AP-client algorithm.
@@ -305,8 +307,15 @@ public class MeasurementBasedApClientTPC extends TPC {
 
 			Map<String, Integer> radioMap = new TreeMap<>();
 			for (State.Radio radio : state.radios) {
-				int currentChannel = radio.channel;
+				JsonObject deviceCapability = model.latestDeviceCapabilities
-				String band = UCentralUtils.getBandFromChannel(currentChannel);
+					.get(serialNumber);
+				if (deviceCapability == null) {
+					continue;
+				}
+				final String band = ModelerUtils.getBand(
+					radio,
+					deviceCapability
+				);
 				if (band == null) {
 					continue;
 				}

owrrm/src/main/java/com/facebook/openwifi/rrm/optimizers/tpc/RandomTxPowerInitializer.java

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
 import com.facebook.openwifi.cloudsdk.UCentralConstants;
-import com.facebook.openwifi.cloudsdk.UCentralUtils;
 import com.facebook.openwifi.rrm.DeviceDataManager;
 import com.facebook.openwifi.rrm.modules.Modeler.DataModel;
 
@@ -137,36 +136,44 @@ public class RandomTxPowerInitializer extends TPC {
 			logger.info("Default power: {}", defaultTxPower);
 		}
 
-		Map<Integer, List<String>> apsPerChannel = getApsPerChannel();
+		Map<String, Map<Integer, List<String>>> bandToChannelToAps =
+			getApsPerChannel();
 		Map<String, Map<String, Integer>> txPowerMap = new TreeMap<>();
 
-		for (Map.Entry<Integer, List<String>> e : apsPerChannel.entrySet()) {
+		for (
-			int channel = e.getKey();
+			Map.Entry<String, Map<Integer, List<String>>> bandEntry : bandToChannelToAps
-			List<String> serialNumbers = e.getValue();
+				.entrySet()
-
+		) {
-			String band = UCentralUtils.getBandFromChannel(channel);
+			final String band = bandEntry.getKey();
-			for (String serialNumber : serialNumbers) {
+			Map<Integer, List<String>> channelToAps = bandEntry.getValue();
-				int txPower = defaultTxPower;
+			for (
-				if (setDifferentTxPowerPerAp) {
+				Map.Entry<Integer, List<String>> channelEntry : channelToAps
-					List<Integer> curTxPowerChoices = updateTxPowerChoices(
+					.entrySet()
-						band,
+			) {
+				List<String> serialNumbers = channelEntry.getValue();
+				for (String serialNumber : serialNumbers) {
+					int txPower = defaultTxPower;
+					if (setDifferentTxPowerPerAp) {
+						List<Integer> curTxPowerChoices = updateTxPowerChoices(
+							band,
+							serialNumber,
+							DEFAULT_TX_POWER_CHOICES
+						);
+						txPower = curTxPowerChoices
+							.get(rng.nextInt(curTxPowerChoices.size()));
+					}
+					txPowerMap
+						.computeIfAbsent(serialNumber, k -> new TreeMap<>())
+						.put(band, txPower);
+					logger.info(
+						"Device {} band {}: Assigning tx power = {}",
 						serialNumber,
-						DEFAULT_TX_POWER_CHOICES
+						band,
+						txPower
 					);
-					txPower = curTxPowerChoices
-						.get(rng.nextInt(curTxPowerChoices.size()));
 				}
-				txPowerMap.computeIfAbsent(serialNumber, k -> new TreeMap<>())
-					.put(band, txPower);
-				logger.info(
-					"Device {} band {}: Assigning tx power = {}",
-					serialNumber,
-					band,
-					txPower
-				);
 			}
 		}
-
 		return txPowerMap;
 	}
 }

owrrm/src/main/java/com/facebook/openwifi/rrm/optimizers/tpc/TPC.java

@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ import com.facebook.openwifi.rrm.DeviceConfig;
 import com.facebook.openwifi.rrm.DeviceDataManager;
 import com.facebook.openwifi.rrm.modules.ConfigManager;
 import com.facebook.openwifi.rrm.modules.Modeler.DataModel;
+import com.facebook.openwifi.rrm.modules.ModelerUtils;
+import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
 
 /**
  * TPC (Transmit Power Control) base class.
@@ -180,10 +182,10 @@ public abstract class TPC {
 	/**
 	 * Get AP serial numbers per channel.
 	 *
-	 * @return the map from channel to the list of AP serial numbers
+	 * @return map from band to channel to list of AP serial numbers
 	 */
-	protected Map<Integer, List<String>> getApsPerChannel() {
+	protected Map<String, Map<Integer, List<String>>> getApsPerChannel() {
-		Map<Integer, List<String>> apsPerChannel = new TreeMap<>();
+		Map<String, Map<Integer, List<String>>> apsPerChannel = new TreeMap<>();
 		for (Map.Entry<String, List<State>> e : model.latestStates.entrySet()) {
 			String serialNumber = e.getKey();
 			List<State> states = e.getValue();
@@ -202,7 +204,20 @@ public abstract class TPC {
 				if (currentChannel == 0) {
 					continue;
 				}
+				JsonObject deviceCapability =
+					model.latestDeviceCapabilities.get(serialNumber);
+				if (deviceCapability == null) {
+					continue;
+				}
+				final String band = ModelerUtils.getBand(
+					radio,
+					deviceCapability
+				);
+				if (band == null) {
+					continue;
+				}
 				apsPerChannel
+					.computeIfAbsent(band, k -> new TreeMap<>())
 					.computeIfAbsent(currentChannel, k -> new ArrayList<>())
 					.add(serialNumber);
 			}

owrrm/src/test/java/com/facebook/openwifi/rrm/optimizers/TestUtils.java

@@ -56,6 +56,45 @@ public class TestUtils {
 		return topology;
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Given the channel, gets the lowest band that contains that channel (there
+	 * may be multiple bands that contain the same channel number due to channel
+	 * numbering schemes).
+	 *
+	 * @param channel channel number
+	 * @return band lowest band containing the channel; null if no such band
+	 */
+	private static String channelToLowestMatchingBand(int channel) {
+		for (String band : UCentralConstants.BANDS) {
+			if (UCentralUtils.isChannelInBand(channel, band)) {
+				return band;
+			}
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Converts channel number to that channel's center frequency in MHz. If,
+	 * due to channel numbering schemes, the channel number appears in multiple
+	 * bands, use the lowest such band.
+	 *
+	 * @param channel channel number
+	 * @return the center frequency of the given channel in MHz
+	 */
+	private static int channelToFrequencyMHzInLowestMatchingBand(int channel) {
+		if (UCentralUtils.isChannelInBand(channel, UCentralConstants.BAND_2G)) {
+			if (channel <= 13) {
+				return 2407 + 5 * channel;
+			} else {
+				// special case
+				return 2484;
+			}
+		} else {
+			// 5G
+			return 5000 + channel;
+		}
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Create a radio info object which forms one element of the list of radio
 	 * info objects representing a device's status.
@@ -158,7 +197,7 @@ public class TestUtils {
 		JsonArray jsonList = new JsonArray();
 		jsonList.add(
 			createDeviceStatusRadioObject(
-				UCentralUtils.getBandFromChannel(channel),
+				channelToLowestMatchingBand(channel),
 				channel,
 				DEFAULT_CHANNEL_WIDTH,
 				txPower2G
@@ -201,7 +240,7 @@ public class TestUtils {
 	public static WifiScanEntry createWifiScanEntry(int channel) {
 		WifiScanEntry entry = new WifiScanEntry();
 		entry.channel = channel;
-		entry.frequency = UCentralUtils.channelToFrequencyMHz(channel);
+		entry.frequency = channelToFrequencyMHzInLowestMatchingBand(channel);
 		entry.signal = -60;
 		entry.unixTimeMs = TestUtils.DEFAULT_WIFISCANENTRY_TIME.toEpochMilli();
 		return entry;
@@ -262,7 +301,7 @@ public class TestUtils {
 		WifiScanEntry entry = new WifiScanEntry();
 		entry.bssid = bssid;
 		entry.channel = channel;
-		entry.frequency = UCentralUtils.channelToFrequencyMHz(channel);
+		entry.frequency = channelToFrequencyMHzInLowestMatchingBand(channel);
 		entry.signal = -60;
 		entry.ht_oper = htOper;
 		entry.vht_oper = vhtOper;
@@ -326,6 +365,21 @@ public class TestUtils {
 		return wifiScanList;
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Generate the String for the "phy" field of a State's radio at a given
+	 * index. This field also appears in the device capability object.
+	 *
+	 * @param index index of the radio in the state
+	 * @return the String value for the "phy" field of the radio
+	 */
+	private static String generatePhyString(int index) {
+		String phyId = "platform/soc/c000000.wifi";
+		if (index > 0) {
+			phyId += String.format("+%d", index);
+		}
+		return phyId;
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Create an uplink0 interface with one radio, to place in
 	 * {@link State#interfaces}.
@@ -335,6 +389,7 @@ public class TestUtils {
 	 *         {@link State#interfaces}
 	 */
 	private static State.Interface createUpStateInterface(int index) {
+		final String phyId = generatePhyString(index);
 		// @formatter:off
 		return gson.fromJson(
 			String.format(
@@ -369,7 +424,7 @@ public class TestUtils {
 				"      		},\n" +
 				"			\"iface\": \"wlan%d\",\n" +
 				"			\"mode\": \"ap\",\n" +
-				"			\"phy\": \"platform/soc/c000000.wifi\",\n" +
+				"			\"phy\": \"%s\",\n" +
 				"           \"radio\": {\n" +
 				"				\"$ref\": \"#/radios/%d\"\n" +
 				"			},\n" +
@@ -380,6 +435,7 @@ public class TestUtils {
 				index,
 				index,
 				index,
+				phyId,
 				index,
 				index
 			),
@@ -423,13 +479,13 @@ public class TestUtils {
 		// @formatter:on
 	}
 
-	/** Create an element of {@link State#radios}. */
+	/** Create an element of {@link State#radios} at a given index. */
-	private static State.Radio createStateRadio() {
+	private static State.Radio createStateRadio(int index) {
 		State.Radio radio = new State.Radio();
 		radio.active_ms = 564328;
 		radio.busy_ms = 36998;
 		radio.noise = 4294967193L;
-		radio.phy = "platform/soc/c000000.wifi";
+		radio.phy = generatePhyString(index);
 		radio.receive_ms = 28;
 		radio.transmit_ms = 4893;
 		return radio;
@@ -506,7 +562,7 @@ public class TestUtils {
 		state.interfaces[numRadios] = createDownStateInterface(numRadios);
 		state.radios = new State.Radio[numRadios];
 		for (int i = 0; i < numRadios; i++) {
-			state.radios[i] = createStateRadio();
+			state.radios[i] = createStateRadio(i);
 			state.radios[i].channel = channels[i];
 			state.radios[i].channel_width = Integer.toString(channelWidths[i]);
 			state.radios[i].tx_power = txPowers[i];
@@ -705,6 +761,44 @@ public class TestUtils {
 		);
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Create a radio capability object which is part of the device capability.
+	 */
+	public static JsonObject createRadioCapability(String band) {
+		JsonObject radioCapability = new JsonObject();
+		JsonArray bandArray = new JsonArray();
+		bandArray.add(band);
+		radioCapability.add("band", bandArray);
+		// the following fields are present but unused so they are excluded here
+		// channels
+		// dfs_channels
+		// frequencies
+		// he_mac_capa
+		// he_phy_capa
+		// ht_capa
+		// htmode
+		// rx_ant
+		// tx_ant
+		// vht_capa
+		return radioCapability;
+	}
+
+	/** Create a device capability object with radios in the given bands. */
+	public static JsonObject createDeviceCapability(String[] bands) {
+		JsonObject deviceCapability = new JsonObject();
+		for (int i = 0; i < bands.length; i++) {
+			String phyId = generatePhyString(i);
+			JsonObject radioCapability = createRadioCapability(bands[i]);
+			deviceCapability.add(phyId, radioCapability);
+		}
+		return deviceCapability;
+	}
+
+	/** Create a device capability object with a radio in the given band. */
+	public static JsonObject createDeviceCapability(String band) {
+		return createDeviceCapability(new String[] { band });
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Create an AggregatedState from given radio info.
 	 *

owrrm/src/test/java/com/facebook/openwifi/rrm/optimizers/channel/LeastUsedChannelOptimizerTest.java

@@ -63,6 +63,10 @@ public class LeastUsedChannelOptimizerTest {
 					.createState(aExpectedChannel, channelWidth, dummyBssid)
 			)
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceA,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(band)
+		);
 		dataModel.latestWifiScans.put(
 			deviceA,
 			Arrays.asList(
@@ -85,6 +89,10 @@ public class LeastUsedChannelOptimizerTest {
 			deviceB,
 			Arrays.asList(TestUtils.createState(40, channelWidth, dummyBssid))
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceB,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(band)
+		);
 		dataModel.latestWifiScans.put(
 			deviceB,
 			Arrays.asList(TestUtils.createWifiScanList(channelsB))
@@ -108,6 +116,10 @@ public class LeastUsedChannelOptimizerTest {
 				TestUtils.createState(149, channelWidth, dummyBssid)
 			)
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceC,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(band)
+		);
 		dataModel.latestWifiScans.put(
 			deviceC,
 			Arrays.asList(TestUtils.createWifiScanList(channelsC))
@@ -155,6 +167,10 @@ public class LeastUsedChannelOptimizerTest {
 					.createState(aExpectedChannel, channelWidth, dummyBssid)
 			)
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceA,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(band)
+		);
 		dataModel.latestWifiScans.put(
 			deviceA,
 			Arrays.asList(
@@ -177,6 +193,10 @@ public class LeastUsedChannelOptimizerTest {
 			deviceB,
 			Arrays.asList(TestUtils.createState(6, channelWidth, dummyBssid))
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceB,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(band)
+		);
 		dataModel.latestWifiScans.put(
 			deviceB,
 			Arrays.asList(TestUtils.createWifiScanList(channelsB))
@@ -195,6 +215,10 @@ public class LeastUsedChannelOptimizerTest {
 			deviceC,
 			Arrays.asList(TestUtils.createState(6, channelWidth, dummyBssid))
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceC,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(band)
+		);
 		dataModel.latestWifiScans.put(
 			deviceC,
 			Arrays.asList(
@@ -251,6 +275,10 @@ public class LeastUsedChannelOptimizerTest {
 					.createState(aExpectedChannel, channelWidth, dummyBssid)
 			)
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceA,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(band)
+		);
 		dataModel.latestWifiScans.put(
 			deviceA,
 			Arrays.asList(
@@ -272,6 +300,10 @@ public class LeastUsedChannelOptimizerTest {
 			deviceB,
 			Arrays.asList(TestUtils.createState(40, channelWidth, dummyBssid))
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceB,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(band)
+		);
 		dataModel.latestWifiScans.put(
 			deviceB,
 			Arrays.asList(TestUtils.createWifiScanList(channelsB))
@@ -294,6 +326,10 @@ public class LeastUsedChannelOptimizerTest {
 				TestUtils.createState(149, channelWidth, dummyBssid)
 			)
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceC,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(band)
+		);
 		dataModel.latestWifiScans.put(
 			deviceC,
 			Arrays.asList(TestUtils.createWifiScanList(channelsC))
@@ -349,6 +385,10 @@ public class LeastUsedChannelOptimizerTest {
 					.createState(aExpectedChannel, channelWidth, dummyBssid)
 			)
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceA,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(band)
+		);
 		dataModel.latestWifiScans.put(
 			deviceA,
 			Arrays.asList(
@@ -372,6 +412,10 @@ public class LeastUsedChannelOptimizerTest {
 			deviceB,
 			Arrays.asList(TestUtils.createState(40, channelWidth, dummyBssid))
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceB,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(band)
+		);
 		dataModel.latestWifiScans.put(
 			deviceB,
 			Arrays.asList(TestUtils.createWifiScanList(channelsB))
@@ -395,6 +439,10 @@ public class LeastUsedChannelOptimizerTest {
 				TestUtils.createState(149, channelWidth, dummyBssid)
 			)
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceC,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(band)
+		);
 		dataModel.latestWifiScans.put(
 			deviceC,
 			Arrays.asList(TestUtils.createWifiScanList(channelsC))
@@ -444,6 +492,10 @@ public class LeastUsedChannelOptimizerTest {
 					.createState(aExpectedChannel, channelWidth, dummyBssid)
 			)
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceA,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(band)
+		);
 		dataModel.latestWifiScans.put(
 			deviceA,
 			Arrays.asList(
@@ -468,6 +520,10 @@ public class LeastUsedChannelOptimizerTest {
 			deviceB,
 			Arrays.asList(TestUtils.createState(40, channelWidth, dummyBssid))
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceB,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(band)
+		);
 		dataModel.latestWifiScans.put(
 			deviceB,
 			Arrays.asList(TestUtils.createWifiScanList(channelsB))
@@ -491,6 +547,10 @@ public class LeastUsedChannelOptimizerTest {
 				TestUtils.createState(149, channelWidth, dummyBssid)
 			)
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceC,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(band)
+		);
 		dataModel.latestWifiScans.put(
 			deviceC,
 			Arrays.asList(TestUtils.createWifiScanList(channelsC))
@@ -511,6 +571,10 @@ public class LeastUsedChannelOptimizerTest {
 			deviceD,
 			Arrays.asList(TestUtils.createState(40, channelWidth, dummyBssid))
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceD,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(band)
+		);
 		dataModel.latestWifiScans.put(
 			deviceD,
 			Arrays.asList(TestUtils.createWifiScanList(channelsD))
@@ -567,6 +631,10 @@ public class LeastUsedChannelOptimizerTest {
 					.createState(aExpectedChannel, channelWidth, dummyBssid)
 			)
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceA,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(band)
+		);
 		dataModel.latestWifiScans.put(
 			deviceA,
 			Arrays.asList(
@@ -589,6 +657,10 @@ public class LeastUsedChannelOptimizerTest {
 			deviceB,
 			Arrays.asList(TestUtils.createState(36, channelWidth, dummyBssid))
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceB,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(band)
+		);
 		dataModel.latestWifiScans.put(
 			deviceB,
 			Arrays.asList(TestUtils.createWifiScanList(channelsB))
@@ -612,6 +684,10 @@ public class LeastUsedChannelOptimizerTest {
 				TestUtils.createState(149, channelWidth, dummyBssid)
 			)
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceC,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(band)
+		);
 		dataModel.latestWifiScans.put(
 			deviceC,
 			Arrays.asList(TestUtils.createWifiScanList(channelsC))
@@ -634,6 +710,10 @@ public class LeastUsedChannelOptimizerTest {
 			deviceD,
 			Arrays.asList(TestUtils.createState(36, channelWidth, dummyBssid))
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceD,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(band)
+		);
 		dataModel.latestWifiScans.put(
 			deviceD,
 			Arrays.asList(TestUtils.createWifiScanList(channelsD))
@@ -662,6 +742,10 @@ public class LeastUsedChannelOptimizerTest {
 					.createState(aExpectedChannel, channelWidth, dummyBssid)
 			)
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceE,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(band)
+		);
 		dataModel.latestWifiScans.put(
 			deviceE,
 			Arrays.asList(
@@ -711,6 +795,10 @@ public class LeastUsedChannelOptimizerTest {
 					.createState(aExpectedChannel, channelWidth, dummyBssid)
 			)
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceA,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(band)
+		);
 		dataModel.latestWifiScans.put(
 			deviceA,
 			Arrays.asList(
@@ -732,6 +820,10 @@ public class LeastUsedChannelOptimizerTest {
 			deviceB,
 			Arrays.asList(TestUtils.createState(48, channelWidth, dummyBssid))
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceB,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(band)
+		);
 		dataModel.latestWifiScans.put(
 			deviceB,
 			Arrays.asList(
@@ -766,6 +858,10 @@ public class LeastUsedChannelOptimizerTest {
 				TestUtils.createState(149, channelWidth, dummyBssid)
 			)
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceC,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(band)
+		);
 		dataModel.latestWifiScans.put(
 			deviceC,
 			Arrays.asList(TestUtils.createWifiScanList(channelsC1))

owrrm/src/test/java/com/facebook/openwifi/rrm/optimizers/channel/RandomChannelInitializerTest.java

@@ -67,6 +67,14 @@ public class RandomChannelInitializerTest {
 			deviceB,
 			TestUtils.createDeviceStatus(band, 8)
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceA,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(band)
+		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceB,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(band)
+		);
 
 		ChannelOptimizer optimizer = new RandomChannelInitializer(
 			dataModel,
@@ -116,6 +124,22 @@ public class RandomChannelInitializerTest {
 			deviceB,
 			TestUtils.createDeviceStatus(band, 8)
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceA,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(
+				new String[] {
+					UCentralConstants.BAND_2G,
+					UCentralConstants.BAND_2G }
+			)
+		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceB,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(
+				new String[] {
+					UCentralConstants.BAND_2G,
+					UCentralConstants.BAND_2G }
+			)
+		);
 
 		ChannelOptimizer optimizer = new RandomChannelInitializer(
 			dataModel,

owrrm/src/test/java/com/facebook/openwifi/rrm/optimizers/channel/UnmanagedApAwareChannelOptimizerTest.java

@@ -65,6 +65,10 @@ public class UnmanagedApAwareChannelOptimizerTest {
 						.createState(aExpectedChannel, channelWidth, bssidA)
 				)
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceA,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(band)
+		);
 		dataModel.latestWifiScans.put(
 			deviceA,
 			Arrays.asList(
@@ -89,6 +93,10 @@ public class UnmanagedApAwareChannelOptimizerTest {
 			deviceB,
 			Arrays.asList(TestUtils.createState(40, channelWidth, bssidB))
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceB,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(band)
+		);
 		dataModel.latestWifiScans.put(
 			deviceB,
 			Arrays.asList(TestUtils.createWifiScanList(channelsB))
@@ -123,6 +131,10 @@ public class UnmanagedApAwareChannelOptimizerTest {
 			deviceC,
 			Arrays.asList(TestUtils.createState(149, channelWidth, bssidC))
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceC,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(band)
+		);
 		dataModel.latestWifiScans.put(
 			deviceC,
 			Arrays.asList(TestUtils.createWifiScanList(channelsC, bssidsC))
@@ -173,6 +185,10 @@ public class UnmanagedApAwareChannelOptimizerTest {
 						.createState(aExpectedChannel, channelWidth, bssidA)
 				)
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceA,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(band)
+		);
 		dataModel.latestWifiScans.put(
 			deviceA,
 			Arrays.asList(
@@ -195,6 +211,10 @@ public class UnmanagedApAwareChannelOptimizerTest {
 			deviceB,
 			Arrays.asList(TestUtils.createState(6, channelWidth, bssidB))
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceB,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(band)
+		);
 		dataModel.latestWifiScans.put(
 			deviceB,
 			Arrays.asList(TestUtils.createWifiScanList(channelsB))
@@ -213,6 +233,10 @@ public class UnmanagedApAwareChannelOptimizerTest {
 			deviceC,
 			Arrays.asList(TestUtils.createState(6, channelWidth, bssidC))
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceC,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(band)
+		);
 		dataModel.latestWifiScans.put(
 			deviceC,
 			Arrays.asList(

owrrm/src/test/java/com/facebook/openwifi/rrm/optimizers/tpc/LocationBasedOptimalTPCTest.java

@@ -145,6 +145,14 @@ public class LocationBasedOptimalTPCTest {
 					)
 				)
 			);
+			dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+				device,
+				TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(
+					new String[] {
+						UCentralConstants.BAND_2G,
+						UCentralConstants.BAND_5G }
+				)
+			);
 		}
 
 		Map<String, Map<String, Integer>> expected = new HashMap<>();
@@ -214,6 +222,14 @@ public class LocationBasedOptimalTPCTest {
 					)
 				)
 			);
+			dataModel2.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+				device,
+				TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(
+					new String[] {
+						UCentralConstants.BAND_2G,
+						UCentralConstants.BAND_5G }
+				)
+			);
 		}
 		dataModel2.latestDeviceStatusRadios
 			.put(
@@ -233,6 +249,10 @@ public class LocationBasedOptimalTPCTest {
 				)
 			)
 		);
+		dataModel2.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceC,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(UCentralConstants.BAND_5G)
+		);
 
 		Map<String, Map<String, Integer>> expected2 = new HashMap<>();
 		for (String band : UCentralConstants.BANDS) {
@@ -327,6 +347,14 @@ public class LocationBasedOptimalTPCTest {
 					)
 				)
 			);
+			dataModel2.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+				device,
+				TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(
+					new String[] {
+						UCentralConstants.BAND_2G,
+						UCentralConstants.BAND_5G }
+				)
+			);
 		}
 
 		Map<String, Map<String, Integer>> expected2 = new HashMap<>();
@@ -388,6 +416,14 @@ public class LocationBasedOptimalTPCTest {
 					)
 				)
 			);
+			dataModel3.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+				device,
+				TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(
+					new String[] {
+						UCentralConstants.BAND_2G,
+						UCentralConstants.BAND_5G }
+				)
+			);
 		}
 
 		Map<String, Map<String, Integer>> expected3 = new HashMap<>();
@@ -439,6 +475,14 @@ public class LocationBasedOptimalTPCTest {
 					)
 				)
 			);
+			dataModel4.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+				device,
+				TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(
+					new String[] {
+						UCentralConstants.BAND_2G,
+						UCentralConstants.BAND_2G }
+				)
+			);
 		}
 
 		Map<String, Map<String, Integer>> expected4 = new HashMap<>();

owrrm/src/test/java/com/facebook/openwifi/rrm/optimizers/tpc/MeasurementBasedApApTPCTest.java

@@ -108,6 +108,10 @@ public class MeasurementBasedApApTPCTest {
 				TestUtils
 					.createDeviceStatusSingleBand(channel, MAX_TX_POWER)
 			);
+			model.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+				device,
+				TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(band)
+			);
 		}
 
 		return model;
@@ -157,6 +161,14 @@ public class MeasurementBasedApApTPCTest {
 						MAX_TX_POWER
 					)
 			);
+			model.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+				device,
+				TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(
+					new String[] {
+						UCentralConstants.BAND_2G,
+						UCentralConstants.BAND_5G }
+				)
+			);
 		}
 
 		return model;
@@ -592,6 +604,10 @@ public class MeasurementBasedApApTPCTest {
 				MAX_TX_POWER
 			)
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			DEVICE_C,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(UCentralConstants.BAND_2G)
+		);
 		optimizer = new MeasurementBasedApApTPC(
 			dataModel,
 			TEST_ZONE,

owrrm/src/test/java/com/facebook/openwifi/rrm/optimizers/tpc/MeasurementBasedApClientTPCTest.java

@@ -61,12 +61,20 @@ public class MeasurementBasedApClientTPCTest {
 				TestUtils.createState(36, 20, 20, null, new int[] {})
 			)
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceA,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(UCentralConstants.BAND_5G)
+		);
 		dataModel.latestStates.put(
 			deviceB,
 			Arrays.asList(
 				TestUtils.createState(36, 20, 20, "", new int[] { -65 })
 			)
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceB,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(UCentralConstants.BAND_5G)
+		);
 		dataModel.latestStates.put(
 			deviceC,
 			Arrays.asList(
@@ -79,18 +87,30 @@ public class MeasurementBasedApClientTPCTest {
 				)
 			)
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceC,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(UCentralConstants.BAND_5G)
+		);
 		dataModel.latestStates.put(
 			deviceD,
 			Arrays.asList(
 				TestUtils.createState(36, 20, 22, null, new int[] { -80 })
 			)
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceD,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(UCentralConstants.BAND_5G)
+		);
 		dataModel.latestStates.put(
 			deviceE,
 			Arrays.asList(
 				TestUtils.createState(36, 20, 23, null, new int[] { -45 })
 			)
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceE,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(UCentralConstants.BAND_5G)
+		);
 
 		TPC optimizer = new MeasurementBasedApClientTPC(
 			dataModel,
@@ -158,6 +178,10 @@ public class MeasurementBasedApClientTPCTest {
 				TestUtils.createState(1, 20, 20, null, new int[] {})
 			)
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceA,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(UCentralConstants.BAND_2G)
+		);
 		// 5G only
 		dataModel.latestStates.put(
 			deviceB,
@@ -165,6 +189,10 @@ public class MeasurementBasedApClientTPCTest {
 				TestUtils.createState(36, 20, 20, null, new int[] {})
 			)
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceB,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(UCentralConstants.BAND_5G)
+		);
 		// 2G and 5G
 		dataModel.latestStates.put(
 			deviceC,
@@ -181,6 +209,14 @@ public class MeasurementBasedApClientTPCTest {
 				)
 			)
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceC,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(
+				new String[] {
+					UCentralConstants.BAND_2G,
+					UCentralConstants.BAND_5G }
+			)
+		);
 		// No valid bands in 2G or 5G
 		dataModel.latestStates.put(
 			deviceD,
@@ -248,12 +284,20 @@ public class MeasurementBasedApClientTPCTest {
 				TestUtils.createState(36, 20, 20, null, new int[] {})
 			)
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceA,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(UCentralConstants.BAND_5G)
+		);
 		dataModel.latestStates.put(
 			deviceB,
 			Arrays.asList(
 				TestUtils.createState(36, 20, 20, "", new int[] { -65 })
 			)
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceB,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(UCentralConstants.BAND_5G)
+		);
 		dataModel.latestStates.put(
 			deviceC,
 			Arrays.asList(
@@ -266,6 +310,10 @@ public class MeasurementBasedApClientTPCTest {
 				)
 			)
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			deviceC,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(UCentralConstants.BAND_5G)
+		);
 
 		TPC optimizer = new MeasurementBasedApClientTPC(
 			dataModel,

owrrm/src/test/java/com/facebook/openwifi/rrm/optimizers/tpc/RandomTxPowerInitializerTest.java

@@ -78,6 +78,14 @@ public class RandomTxPowerInitializerTest {
 				)
 			)
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			DEVICE_A,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(
+				new String[] {
+					UCentralConstants.BAND_5G,
+					UCentralConstants.BAND_2G }
+			)
+		);
 		dataModel.latestStates.put(
 			DEVICE_B,
 			Arrays.asList(
@@ -89,6 +97,10 @@ public class RandomTxPowerInitializerTest {
 				)
 			)
 		);
+		dataModel.latestDeviceCapabilities.put(
+			DEVICE_B,
+			TestUtils.createDeviceCapability(UCentralConstants.BAND_2G)
+		);
 		return dataModel;
 	}