* The reusable wait-for-status-check GitHub Workflow is only used
in public repos which can use actions for free. So we might as
well use GitHub-managed runners
* Motived by re-evaluating runner usage in response to GitHub
pricing changes. Shift costs to Microsoft where possible
* Add wait-for-status-checks reusable GitHub Workflow to wait
for all status checks in a PR. Mark this as a required check
so that GitHub auto-merge can be used
Rel: https://github.com/poseidon/wait-for-status-checks/
* Remove dependency on github.com/coreos/pkg because the module
is no longer maintained and it doesn't follow the usual release
conventions
* The last time flagutils was touched as 9 years ago by me. Bring
the function into the matchbox repo
* A few years ago there was a SVE for gopkg.in/yaml.v2 so we used
a replace to force MVS to pick a patched version of the package.
However, these days, no indirect dependencies use gopkg.in/yaml.v2
at all, they use gopkg.in/yaml.v3 so we can remove this
* We now use GitHub Actions instead of a private Drone which is great
for OSS build transparency, but one drawback to that change is that
we no longer auto-deploy matchbox to internal Poseidon Labs infra
* We don't want public workflows for deploys to our private infra
Some commands were added in the ipxeBootstrap to enable architecture detection based on the architecture the iPXE version used was built for.
This is done through the use of an additional flag in the chain which is the ipxeBootstrap using the buildarch parameter.
* Add a publish workflow that uses the mkdocs-pages re-usable GitHub
Workflow when the `release-docs` branch is updated
* Build the docs site with mkdocs and publish to GitHub Pages
* Migrate from the internal Drone server using a GitHub Workflow
to perform the multi-arch container image build
* Use self-hosted GitHub runners on ARM64 to perform the ARM64
build step faster that QEMU/KVM emulation
* Mandate approval for all workflow runs from outside contributors
since the builds use push credentials and partially run internally
* Regenerate example Ignition using fcct v0.18.0 to produce Ignition
spec v3.4.0 as a followup to https://github.com/poseidon/matchbox/pull/1079
* Fix one profile example where a double escape isn't needed
* Emphasize that Container Linux Configs have been dropped and
that Butane is the way forward to use modern Ignition v2
* Include some links to Flatcar Linux docs
* Update Makefile and docs for v0.10.0 release process
* Update github.com/coreos/go-semver from v0.3.0 to 167f5da to
prevent it from using gopkg.in/yaml.v2 (CVE-2019-11254)
```
go mod why gopkg.in/yaml.v2
(main module does not need package gopkg.in/yaml.v2)
```
* Recommend preparing Ignition configs external to Matchbox (e.g.
with Terraform poseidon/terraform-provider-ct)
* Document that Matchbox Rendering is discouraged
* Add Butane Config support as a replacement for dropping Container
Linux Config support. Perform Matchbox Go template evaluation,
translation to Ignition, and parsing to a forward compatible version
* Both Flatcar Linux and Fedora CoreOS now support Ignition v2
(spec v3.x) for machine consumption
* Drop support for Ignition v0.35.0 (Ignition spec v2.x)
* Drop support for Container Linux Configs (the YAML format that
rendered to Ignition v2.x JSON for Flatcar Linux)
* Deprecate rendering Container Linux Configs
* Use tools like [poseidon/ct](https://github.com/poseidon/terraform-provider-ct) or
[butane](https://coreos.github.io/butane/getting-started/) to validate and convert a
Butane Config (`focs` or `flatcar`) to Ignition (for Matchbox to serve)
* Please migrate to serving CoreOS Ignition directly, the Container
Linux related HTTP and gRPC endpoints will be removed in future
* Discontinue using Matchbox's Container Linux Config features
* Flatcar Linux OS now supports Ignition v2.13+ which means it
can accept Ignition v3.x spec's, like Fedora CoreOS. Matchbox
supports this by serving Ignition documents directly
* Users of the poseidon/matchbox Terraform provider can pass
a `matchbox_profile` `raw_ignition` contents with the desired
Ignition v3.3 spec
* Users of the poseidon/ct Terraform provider can write Butane
Config YAML, perform templating, and render an Ignition document
using either the fcos or the flatcar variant
* Default branch was renamed from master to main
* Internal build and publishing workflows were unaffected,
the GitHub Action is just for public contribution vetting
* Add initrd=main karg directive for UEFI (ignored by BIOS)
* Update Butane config version to v1.4.0 (generates Ignition v3.3.0)
in `fedora-coreos` and `fedora-coreos-install` examples
* Update virt-install flag --os-variant
* Removed virt-install deprecated flag --os-type
* Remove virt-install QEMU/KVM event preserve since it apparently
wasn't implemented anyway and QEMU/KVM now warns about it
* Remove serial consol kernel argument from examples, but still
mention it in docs
Rel:
* https://github.com/coreos/fedora-coreos-docs/pull/282
* https://www.spinics.net/linux/fedora/libvir/msg222078.html
We still support passing the rootfs image as an appended initrd, but we
recommend using coreos.live.rootfs_url instead: it generally boots faster
and requires less RAM.
When coreos-installer is running from the live image, it no longer needs
a separate install image, since by default it installs from content
embedded in the live system.
* Looking at enabling some update automation, the clarity of
using non-vendored Go modules/checksums outweighs the risk
of a module disappearing (mitigated by proxies)
* Update Fedora CoreOS live PXE and disk install examples to
Fedora 33
* Increase libvirt VM memory from 2GB to 3GB to support live
PXE example, which is mostly just for laptop examples/demos.
Reduce the VM count from 3 to 2 to compensate.
* Change `fedora-coreos.ign` to suggest using an ed25519 SSH
key since Fedora CoreOS 33 disables RSA SHA1 (256 is still ok
but most people won't know which they have)
* Update Terraform examples to use Terraform v0.13
* Refresh examples to show Fedora CoreOS and Flatcar Linux
* Remove the etcd3 example, not worth it to maintain
* Refactor examples to boot provision minimal hosts
with Fedora CoreOS or Flatcar Linux
* Remove the etcd3 cluster example or other specific
kinds of hosts
* Update script get-fedora-coreos
* Remove script get-coreos
* Matchbox is published as a binary or container image,
not planning to resume RPM/Copr publishing since its a
pain
* Publishing to Copr repo stopped in v0.6 (3 years ago)
* Use our own infra to perform image builds and push images. Provides
future options for publishing images to multiple image registries and
for multiple architectures, while keeping push permissions in-house
* Remove Travis ability to push to Quay
* Consider splitting repo and also enabling Quay automated builds
* Use our own infra to perform image builds and push images.
Provides future options for publishing images to multiple
image registries and for multiple architectures, while keeping
push permissions in-house
* Remove Travis ability to push to Quay
* Use Travis only for Go tests of Pull Requests
* Use `quay.io/dghubble/protoc` as the standard codegen
environment across projects. Pin a version (v3.10.1)
* Generated code is now automatically ignored by golint
based on the comment header, which will simplify linting
* Upgrade protobuf from 2bba0603135d to v1.3.2
* Upgrade grpc from v1.2.1 to v1.25.1
* Remove `get-protoc` and `codegen` scripts
* Travis creates a Go v1.13.4 environment, checks out the source
repo, and _then_ executes the `install` block to install `golint`
* With module-aware Go, this means installing `golint` caused a
diff, before the Matchbox `make` target was invoked. Builds were
correctly identified as "dirty" as a result
* Release tags v0.8.1 and v0.8.2 have been removed to avoid any
confusion. Container images with binaries considered dirty have
been removed as well
* rkt achieved its mission creating the OCI standard,
pluggable runtimes, and prevented Docker world
domination. We can now proceed with disarmament
* Few, if any, developers still use rkt locally
* Matchbox examples should be simple and educational to
show how to PXE provision machines into clusters. Today,
these goals are achieved well enough by the 3-node etcd
cluster example
* Several years ago, I put together examples PXE booting
Kubernetes clusters with Matchbox. That was before we wrote
Tectonic or Kubernetes was as popular as it is. Today, a
Kubernetes distro is a project in its own right. It no
longer makes sense to maintain (duplicate) a Kubernetes
distro as "an example" inside Matchbox.
* Matchbox is now used for Kubernetes cluster provisioning in
more organizations than ever. It backs the poseidon/Typhoon and
kinvolk/Locomotive distros. These both serve as great external
examples of using Matchbox to provision Kubernetes clusters
Attention: If you relied on Matchbox Kubernetes docs, you can
find a similar guide at https://typhoon.psdn.io/cl/bare-metal/
(same author). https://github.com/poseidon/typhoon/
* Remove files that are unused or refer to CoreOS policies
or points of contact that no longer apply
* Specifically, CoreOS (and by extension Red Hat) no longer
manages this project, events, etc.
* Update base image from alpine:3.6 to alpine:3.9
* Automatically publish dnsmasq image on merge to a branch
named "dnsmasq". Similar to how matchbox is automatically
published from master. Set the version based on git SHA
* Matchbox has moved to a new home in Poseidon
* Update Makefile so container image name uses
poseidon instead of coreos
* Publish container images to quay.io/poseidon/matchbox
* Render Container Linux Configs referenced in Profiles
as Ignition v2.2.0 documents.
* Recall, configs suffixed with .ign/.ignition will be
served as-is, as raw Ignition. Parse warnings will be
shown
* Serve Ignition configs (ending in .ign/.ignition) with v2.1
or v2.2 formats (previously, configs above v2.1 produced warnings
that the config was too new)
* Use Go 1.11 modules with `GO111MODULE=on`
* Change `make vendor` target to call `go mod vendor`
* Enforce builds and tests use the vendor directory by setting
the `-mod=vendor` flag (notice, travis does not fetch)
* Remove glide requirement and glide files
* Squid proxy docs were added as a draft in 2017 to show a
containerized setup for caching images for network boot
environments
* These docs never matured to a point of viability, I don't
make use of squid, and they're unmaintained. Users would be
better served consulting the squid project
* Local QEMU/KVM tutorials use either docker or rkt/acbuild,
but they're dated. rkt and acbuild are no longer in mainstream
use since they successfully drove OCI standardization
* Remove the rkt examples, as they are just more difficult for
newcomers to use and seldom maintained at this point
* Retain Docker examples, although podman will likely supplant
all docker usage in future
* Upstream author changed case of his/her username (breaking)
* Fix to lowercase name so clients using Go modules can avoid
case-sensitive conflicts. Go modules do not handle this real-world
case well
* Define the required versions of terraform-provider-matchbox
and terraform-provider-ct, with install instructions
* Refresh the tutorial for using Matchbox to PXE boot local
QEMU/KVM machines (using Terraform as a client)
* Add ipxe.efi to dnsmasq image's /var/lib/tftpboot directory
* Add initrd kernel argument respected only by UEFI
https://github.com/coreos/bugs/issues/1239
* Improve network-setup docs and scripts to cover UEFI clients
and to support launching UEFI QEMU/KVM clusters locally
* Reduce references to grub.efi flow, its not a happy path
* Upstream fixes to bump all control plane components to v1.7.5
* Stop including etcd-network-checkpointer with on-host etcd
* Remove experimental_self_hosted_etcd support
* Starting in Go 1.7, the standard library http.Request includes
a Context for passing request-scoped values between chained handlers
* Delete the ContextHandler (breaking, should not have been
exported to begin with)
* Mount host /opt/cni/bin in Kubelet to use host's CNI plugins
* Switch /var/run/kubelet-pod.uuid to /var/cache/kubelet-pod.uuid
to persist between reboots and cleanup old Kubelet pods
* Organize Kubelet flags in alphabetical order
In virt-install v1.4.2, the meaning of `--pxe` changed from "allow pxe
boot" to "always pxe boot." This breaks matchbox, since we expect hosts
to pxe-boot only with empty hds. On hosts with v1.4.2, the VMs loop,
re-installing CL over and over.
The flag isn't necessary anyways, since we pass `--boot=hd,network`,
which enables pxe-booting.
* Provide better errors to clients that forget to specify the
port or include a protocol scheme by mistake
* grpc-go uses net.SplitHostPort to validate server listener
addresses are 'host:port', but doesn't validate Dial targets
etcd examples set ETCDCTL_API=3 but are using v2 etcdctl commands. This
works on CL by accident because it ships with 2.3 so etcdctl doesn't
recognize the API env var.
* Users should deploy the Container Linux Update Operator to coordinate
reboots of Container Linux nodes in a Kubernetes cluster
* Write cluster addon docs to describe CLUO
* Terraform modules `bootkube` and `profiles` (Kubernetes) disable
locksmithd
* Use the container linux update operator to coordinate reboots
* Stop using locksmithd for reboot coordination
* etcd TLS assets now only need to be distributed to controller
nodes which are etcd peers
`After=network-online.target` *should* mean this isn't needed in most
cases, but per
https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/NetworkTarget/, the
definition of "network-online" is a little shaky.
Regardless, being a little more resilient to network flakes and races is
a good thing. The count of `10` was arbitrarily chosen.
* Ensure that Matchbox (open-source) and Tectonic (enterprise)
are kept separate, Tectonic has its own docs
* Matchbox is agnostic to Kubernetes distribution
* Fixes a regression introduced in 6f02107 which upgraded to
Kubernetes v1.6.6 and added self-hosted etcd with TLS
* Both on-host and self-hosted etcd now require clients to use
TLS client certs so locksmithd
* Upgrade to bootkube v0.4.5
* Enable TLS for experimental self-hosted etcd
* Upstream manifest generation changes modify the flannel
Daemonset, switch several control plane components to run
as non-root, and add an explicit UpdateStrategy to the
control plane components
* Add create, status, and destroy subcommands that use docker as
the container runtime for testing local QEMU/KVM clusters. Before,
only rkt could be used.
* Update local QEMU/KVM tutorial documentation
gRPC API verification step has invalid paths to client.crt and client.key; these are created in ~/matchbox-v0.6.1-linux-amd64/scripts/tls (depending on where the matchbox installer is extracted).
Matchbox added generic template support to enable experimenting with
rendering different kinds of templates, beyond Container Linux configs
and cloud-configs. We'd like to add a gRPC endpoint for generic
templates, as is done for other configs to support gRPC clients.
* Module "profiles" provides container-linux-install and
cached-container-linux-install Profiles
* Module bootkube accepts cached_install variable to determine
whether the cluster should install Container Linux from cache
or from the public download site (default)
* Static Kubernetes / rktnetes examples are no longer going to be
maintained by this repo or upgraded to Kubernetes v1.6. This is not
considered a deprecation bc the reference clusters are examples.
* Remove static Kubernetes cluster examples so users don't choose it
* Self-hosted Kubernetes (bootkube) is now the standard recommended
Kubernetes cluster configuration
* Listing pods or nodes as the final step of cluster creation should
not fail the entire build, its mainly for a pretty output
* There is no official definition of when a Kubernetes cluster is
"done" bootstrapping, they can momentarily fail to response in the
first minute or so as components stabalize
* Calculate the required service IP values from the service CIDR
* These inputs were never truly customizable anyway since bootkube
start assumed the 1st, 10th, and 15th offsets for named services
* Use the dghubble/bootkube-terraform terraform module to generate
the exact same assets that `bootkube render` would
* Use terraform to automate the kubeconfig copy and bootkube start
* Removes the reuqirement to download a bootkube binary, render assets,
and manually copy assets to nodes
Fixing the source URL format to confirm to more normative rpmbuild
standards and to allow for proper use of spectool/rpmspectool. This
change now produces a proper archive with the name and version number
used.
* Add an option to try experimental self-hosted etcd which uses
the etcd-operator to deploy an etcd cluster as pods atop Kubernetes
and disables the on-host etcd cluster
* When enabled, configure locksmithd to coordinate reboots through
self-hosted etcd
* Add matchbox_http_endpoint and matchbox_rpc_endpoint as variables
* Remove dghubble ssh public key from default
* Add a terraform.tfvars.example and gitignore terraform.tfvars
* Add container-linux-install profile to install Container Linux
* Add cached-container-linux-install profile to install Container Linux
from cached matchbox assets
Previously, the terraform readme was incomplete by only including
terraform plan and apply commands. Additionally, the readme was
updated to include instructions for updating the profiles module
source.
Fixes#502
<!-- READ: Issues are used to receive focused bug reports from users and to track planned future enhancements by the authors. Topics like support, debugging help, advice, and operation are out of scope and should not use issues-->
**Description**
A clear and concise description of what the bug is.
**Steps to Reproduce**
Provide clear steps to reproduce the bug.
- [ ] Relevant error messages if appropriate (concise, not a dump of everything).
**Expected behavior**
A clear and concise description of what you expected to happen.
* Release: Matchbox version or Git SHA (reporting latest is **not** helpful)
**Possible Solution**
<!-- Most bug reports should have some inkling about solutions. Otherwise, your report may be less of a bug and more of a support request (see top).-->
* Update butane from v0.17.0 to v0.18.0 ([#1079](https://github.com/poseidon/matchbox/pull/1079))
* Add support for `fcos` [v1.5.0](https://coreos.github.io/butane/config-fcos-v1_5/) Butane Configs
* Add support for `flatcar` [v1.1.0](https://coreos.github.io/butane/config-flatcar-v1_1/) Butane Configs
* Render Ignition as Ignition spec [v3.4.0](https://coreos.github.io/ignition/configuration-v3_4/)
## v0.10.0
* Remove support for Ignition v0.35.0 (Ignition spec v2.x)
* Remove support for Container Linux Configs (**action required**)
* Container Linux Configs were a YAML format that rendered to Ignition (spec v2.x)
* Flatcar Linux now supports Ignition v2 (spec v3.x)
* Butane is a suitable YAML format that renders Ignition v2 (spec v3.x)
* Upgrade Ignition from v0.35.0 (spec v2.x) to v2.14.0 (spec v3.x)
* Update Go version (v1.20.2) and alpine base image (v3.17.3)
* Add limited support for Matchbox rendering Butane configs ([#997](https://github.com/poseidon/matchbox/pull/997)) ([docs](https://matchbox.psdn.io/ignition/#matchbox-rendering))
* Recommend writing Butane via external tools (**action required**)
* For Terraform, use [poseidon/terraform-provider-ct](https://github.com/poseidon/terraform-provider-ct)
* For a CLI, use [`butane`](https://github.com/coreos/butane)
* Parse Ignition and render forward to Ignition v2 (spec v3.3)
* Ignition is [forward](https://github.com/coreos/ignition/blob/main/config/v3_3/config.go#L61) compatible (e.g. a `v3.1` spec can be rendered as `v3.3` safely)
If you still template Container Linux Configs via Matchbox, [migrate](https://www.flatcar.org/docs/latest/provisioning/config-transpiler/) to Butane by prepending:
```yaml
variant:flatcar
version:1.0.0
```
## v0.9.1
* Add dependabot Go module update automation ([#833](https://github.com/poseidon/matchbox/pull/833))
* Update Go version (v1.18.4) and alpine base image (v3.16.1)
* Move `dnsmasq` container image to its own [repo](https://github.com/poseidon/dnsmasq) ([#840](https://github.com/poseidon/matchbox/pull/840))
* Deprecate rendering Container Linux Configs
* Please migrate to serving CoreOS Ignition directly
* Use tools like [poseidon/ct](https://github.com/poseidon/terraform-provider-ct) or [butane](https://coreos.github.io/butane/getting-started/) to validate and convert a Butane Config (`focs` or `flatcar`) to Ignition (for Matchbox to serve)
### Docs/Examples
* Migrate docs website to GitHub Pages ([#976](https://github.com/poseidon/matchbox/pull/976))
* Update Fedora CoreOS images and configuration ([#972](https://github.com/poseidon/matchbox/pull/972))
* Update Fedora CoreOS initrd karg for UEFI ([#978](https://github.com/poseidon/matchbox/pull/978))
* Update Flatcar Linux examples to use Ignition v3.3.0 ([#980](https://github.com/poseidon/matchbox/pull/980))
## v0.9.0
* Refresh docs and examples for Fedora CoreOS and Flatcar Linux ([#815](https://github.com/poseidon/matchbox/pull/815), [#816](https://github.com/poseidon/matchbox/pull/816))
* Publish Matchbox images from internal infra to Quay (`quay.io/poseidon/matchbox`)
* Update Go version from v1.13.4 to v1.14.9
* Update base image from `alpine:3.10` to `alpine:3.12` ([#784](https://github.com/poseidon/matchbox/pull/784))
* Include `contrib/k8s` in release tarballs ([#788](https://github.com/poseidon/matchbox/pull/788))
* Remove outdated systemd units ([#817](https://github.com/poseidon/matchbox/pull/817))
* Remove RPM spec file (Copr publishing stopped in v0.6)
## v0.8.3
* Publish docs to [https://matchbox.psdn.io](https://matchbox.psdn.io/) ([#769](https://github.com/poseidon/matchbox/pull/769))
* Update Go version from v1.11.7 to v1.13.4 ([#766](https://github.com/poseidon/matchbox/pull/766), [#770](https://github.com/poseidon/matchbox/pull/770))
* Update container image base from `alpine:3.9` to `alpine:3.10` ([#761](https://github.com/poseidon/matchbox/pull/761))
* Include `get-fedora-coreos` convenience script ([#763](https://github.com/poseidon/matchbox/pull/763))
* Remove rkt tutorials and docs ([#765](https://github.com/poseidon/matchbox/pull/765))
## v0.8.1 - v0.8.2
Releases `v0.8.1` and `v0.8.2` were not built cleanly
* Release tags and container images have been removed
* Caused by go get golint (module-aware) mutating `go.mod` on Travis (see [#775](https://github.com/poseidon/matchbox/pull/775), [#777](https://github.com/poseidon/matchbox/pull/777))
## v0.8.0
* Transfer Matchbox repo from coreos to poseidon GitHub Org
* Publish container images at [quay.io/poseidon/matchbox](https://quay.io/repository/poseidon/matchbox)
* Build Matchbox with Go v1.11.7 for images and binaries
* Update container image base from alpine:3.6 to alpine:3.9
* Render Container Linux Configs as Ignition v2.2.0
* Validate raw Ignition configs with the v2.2 spec (warn-only)
* Fix warnings that v2.2 configs are too new
Note: Release signing key [has changed](https://github.com/poseidon/matchbox/blob/v0.8.0/Documentation/deployment.md) with the project move.
### Examples
* Update Kubernetes example clusters to v1.14.1 (Terraform-based)
## v0.7.1 (2018-11-01)
* Add `kernel_args` variable to the terraform bootkube-install cluster definition
* Add `get-flatcar` helper script
* Add optional TLS support to read-only HTTP API
* Build Matchbox with Go 1.11.1 for images and binaries
### Examples
* Upgrade Kubernetes example clusters to v1.10.0 (Terraform-based)
* Upgrade Kubernetes example clusters to v1.8.5
## v0.7.0 (2017-12-12)
* Add gRPC API endpoints for managing generic (experimental) templates
* Update Container Linux config transpiler to v0.5.0
* Update Ignition to v0.19.0, render v2.1.0 Ignition configs
* Drop support for Container Linux versions below 1465.0.0 (breaking)
* Build Matchbox with Go 1.8.5 for images and binaries
* Remove Profile `Cmdline` map (deprecated in v0.5.0), use `Args` slice instead
* Remove pixiecore support (deprecated in v0.5.0)
* Remove `ContextHandler`, `ContextHandlerFunc`, and `NewHandler` from the `matchbox/http` package.
### Examples / Modules
* Upgrade Kubernetes example clusters to v1.8.4
* Kubernetes examples clusters enable etcd TLS
* Deploy the Container Linux Update Operator (CLUO) to coordinate reboots of Container Linux nodes in Kubernetes clusters. See the cluster [addon docs](Documentation/cluster-addons.md).
* Kubernetes examples (terraform and non-terraform) mask locksmithd
* Terraform modules `bootkube` and `profiles` (Kubernetes) mask locksmithd
## v0.6.1 (2017-05-25)
* Improve the installation documentation
* Move examples/etc/matchbox/cert-gen to scripts/tls
* Build Matchbox with Go 1.8.3 for images and binaries
### Examples
* Upgrade self-hosted Kubernetes cluster examples to v1.6.4
* Add NoSchedule taint to self-hosted Kubernetes controllers
* Remove static Kubernetes and rktnetes cluster examples
## v0.6.0 (2017-04-25)
* New [terraform-provider-matchbox](https://github.com/coreos/terraform-provider-matchbox) plugin for Terraform users!
@@ -22,7 +156,7 @@ Notable changes between releases.
* Use etcd3 by default in all clusters (remove etcd2 clusters)
* Add Terraform examples for etcd3 and self-hosted Kubernetes 1.6.1
## v0.5.0 (2017-01-23)
## v0.5.0 (2017-01-23)
* Rename project to CoreOS `matchbox`!
* Add Profile `args` field to list kernel args
@@ -104,7 +238,7 @@ Notable changes between releases.
* Allow Fuze YAML template files for Ignition 2.0.0 (#141)
* Stop requiring Ignition templates to use file extensions (#176)
* Logging Improvements:
* Add structured loggging with Logrus (#254, #268)
- IRC: #[coreos](irc://irc.freenode.org:6667/#coreos) IRC channel on freenode.org
Please avoid emailing maintainers found in the MAINTAINERS file directly. They
are very busy and read the mailing lists.
## Getting Started
- Fork the repository on GitHub
- Read the [README](README.md) for build and test instructions
- Play with the project, submit bugs, submit patches!
## Contribution Flow
This is a rough outline of what a contributor's workflow looks like:
- Create a topic branch from where you want to base your work (usually master).
- Make commits of logical units.
- Make sure your commit messages are in the proper format (see below).
- Push your changes to a topic branch in your fork of the repository.
- Make sure the tests pass, and add any new tests as appropriate.
- Submit a pull request to the original repository.
Thanks for your contributions!
### Coding Style
CoreOS projects written in Go follow a set of style guidelines that we've documented
[here](https://github.com/coreos/docs/tree/master/golang). Please follow them when
working on your contributions.
### Format of the Commit Message
We follow a rough convention for commit messages that is designed to answer two
questions: what changed and why. The subject line should feature the what and
the body of the commit should describe the why.
```
scripts: add the test-cluster command
this uses tmux to setup a test cluster that you can easily kill and
start for debugging.
Fixes #38
```
The format can be described more formally as follows:
```
<subsystem>: <what changed>
<BLANK LINE>
<why this change was made>
<BLANK LINE>
<footer>
```
The first line is the subject and should be no longer than 70 characters, the
second line is always blank, and other lines should be wrapped at 80 characters.
This allows the message to be easier to read on GitHub as well as in various
git tools.
By contributing, you agree to the Linux Foundation's Developer Certificate of Origin ([DCO](DCO)). The DCO is a statement that you, the contributor, have the legal right to make your contribution and understand the contribution will be distributed as part of this project.
[Self-hosted](bootkube.md) Kubernetes clusters schedule Kubernetes components such as the apiserver, kubelet, scheduler, and controller-manager as pods like other applications (except with node selectors). This allows Kubernetes level operations to be performed to upgrade clusters in place, rather than by re-provisioning.
Let's upgrade a self-hosted Kubernetes v1.4.1 cluster to v1.4.3 as an example.
## Inspect
Show the control plane daemonsets and deployments which will need to be updated.
In this case, Kubernetes is `v1.4.1+coreos.0` and our goal is to upgrade to `v1.4.3+coreos.0`. First, update the control plane pods. Then the kubelets and proxies on all nodes.
**Tip**: Follow along with a QEMU/KVM self-hosted Kubernetes cluster the first time, before upgrading your production bare-metal clusters ([tutorial](bootkube.md)).
## Control Plane
### kube-apiserver
Edit the kube-apiserver daemonset. Change the container image name to `quay.io/coreos/hyperkube:v1.4.3_coreos.0`.
Since daemonsets don't yet support rolling, manually delete each kubelet and each kube-proxy. The daemonset controller will create new (upgraded) replics.
```sh
$ kubectl get pods -n=kube-system
$ kubectl delete pod kubelet-quhhg
...repeat
$ kubectl delete pod kube-proxy-8jthl -n=kube-system
Check upstream for updates to addons like `kube-dns` or `kube-dashboard` and update them like any other applications. Some kube-system components use version labels and you may wish to clean those up as well.
The self-hosted Kubernetes example provisions a 3 node "self-hosted" Kubernetes v1.6.1 cluster. On-host kubelets wait for an apiserver to become reachable, then yield to kubelet pods scheduled via daemonset. [bootkube](https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/bootkube) is run on any controller to bootstrap a temporary apiserver which schedules control plane components as pods before exiting. An etcd cluster backs Kubernetes and coordinates CoreOS auto-updates (enabled for disk installs).
## Requirements
Ensure that you've gone through the [matchbox with rkt](getting-started-rkt.md) or [matchbox with docker](getting-started-docker.md) guide and understand the basics. In particular, you should be able to:
* Use rkt or Docker to start `matchbox`
* Create a network boot environment with `coreos/dnsmasq`
* Create the example libvirt client VMs
*`/etc/hosts` entries for `node[1-3].example.com` (or pass custom names to `k8s-certgen`)
Install [bootkube](https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/bootkube/releases) v0.4.0 and add it somewhere on your PATH.
```sh
$ bootkube version
Version: v0.4.0
```
## Examples
The [examples](../examples) statically assign IP addresses to libvirt client VMs created by `scripts/libvirt`. The examples can be used for physical machines if you update the MAC addresses. See [network setup](network-setup.md) and [deployment](deployment.md).
* [bootkube](../examples/groups/bootkube) - iPXE boot a self-hosted Kubernetes cluster
* [bootkube-install](../examples/groups/bootkube-install) - Install a self-hosted Kubernetes cluster
## Assets
Download the CoreOS image assets referenced in the target [profile](../examples/profiles).
Use the `bootkube` tool to render Kubernetes manifests and credentials into an `--asset-dir`. Later, `bootkube` will schedule these manifests during bootstrapping and the credentials will be used to access your cluster.
Use rkt or docker to start `matchbox` and mount the desired example resources. Create a network boot environment and power-on your machines. Revisit [matchbox with rkt](getting-started-rkt.md) or [matchbox with Docker](getting-started-docker.md) for help.
Client machines should boot and provision themselves. Local client VMs should network boot CoreOS and become available via SSH in about 1 minute. If you chose `bootkube-install`, notice that machines install CoreOS and then reboot (in libvirt, you must hit "power" again). Time to network boot and provision physical hardware depends on a number of factors (POST duration, boot device iteration, network speed, etc.).
## bootkube
We're ready to use bootkube to create a temporary control plane and bootstrap a self-hosted Kubernetes cluster.
Secure copy the `kubeconfig` to `/etc/kubernetes/kubeconfig` on **every** node which will path activate the `kubelet.service`.
[ 299.241291] bootkube[5]: Pod Status: kube-api-checkpoint Running
[ 299.241618] bootkube[5]: Pod Status: kube-apiserver Running
[ 299.241804] bootkube[5]: Pod Status: kube-scheduler Running
[ 299.241993] bootkube[5]: Pod Status: kube-controller-manager Running
[ 299.311743] bootkube[5]: All self-hosted control plane components successfully started
```
You may cleanup the `bootkube` assets on the node, but you should keep the copy on your laptop. It contains a `kubeconfig` used to access the cluster.
## Verify
[Install kubectl](https://coreos.com/kubernetes/docs/latest/configure-kubectl.html) on your laptop. Use the generated kubeconfig to access the Kubernetes cluster. Verify that the cluster is accessible and that the kubelet, apiserver, scheduler, and controller-manager are running as pods.
A Container Linux Config is a YAML document which declares how Container Linux instances' disks should be provisioned on network boot and first-boot from disk. Configs can declare disk paritions, write files (regular files, systemd units, networkd units, etc.), and configure users. See the Container Linux Config [spec](https://coreos.com/os/docs/latest/configuration.html).
### Ignition
Container Linux Configs are validated and converted to *machine-friendly* Ignition configs (JSON) by matchbox when serving to booting machines. [Ignition](https://coreos.com/ignition/docs/latest/), the provisioning utility shipped in Container Linux, will parse and execute the Ignition config to realize the desired configuration. Matchbox users usually only need to write Container Linux Configs.
*Note: Container Linux directory names are still named "ignition" for historical reasons as outlined below. A future breaking change will rename to "container-linux-config".*
## Adding Container Linux Configs
Container Linux Config templates can be added to the `/var/lib/matchbox/ignition` directory or in an `ignition` subdirectory of a custom `-data-path`. Template files may contain [Go template](https://golang.org/pkg/text/template/) elements which will be evaluated with group metadata, selectors, and query params.
```
/var/lib/matchbox
├── cloud
├── ignition
│ └── k8s-controller.yaml
│ └── etcd.yaml
│ └── k8s-worker.yaml
│ └── raw.ign
└── profiles
```
## Referencing in Profiles
Profiles can include a Container Linux Config for provisioning machines. Specify the Container Linux Config in a [Profile](matchbox.md#profiles) with `ignition_id`. When PXE booting, use the kernel option `coreos.first_boot=1` and `coreos.config.url` to point to the `matchbox` [Ignition endpoint](api.md#ignition-config).
## Examples
Here is an example Container Linux Config template. Variables will be interpreted using group metadata, selectors, and query params. Matchbox will convert the config to Ignition to serve Container Linux machines.
ignition/format-disk.yaml.tmpl:
<!-- {% raw %} -->
```yaml
---
storage:
disks:
- device:/dev/sda
wipe_table:true
partitions:
- label:ROOT
filesystems:
- name:root
mount:
device:"/dev/sda1"
format:"ext4"
create:
force:true
options:
- "-LROOT"
files:
- filesystem:root
path:/home/core/foo
mode:0644
user:
id:500
group:
id:500
contents:
inline:|
{{.example_contents}}
{{if index . "ssh_authorized_keys" }}
passwd:
users:
- name:core
ssh_authorized_keys:
{{range $element := .ssh_authorized_keys }}
- {{$element}}
{{end}}
{{end}}
```
<!-- {% endraw %} -->
The Ignition config response (formatted) to a query `/ignition?label=value` for a CoreOS instance supporting Ignition 2.0.0 would be:
```json
{
"ignition":{
"version":"2.0.0",
"config":{}
},
"storage":{
"disks":[
{
"device":"/dev/sda",
"wipeTable":true,
"partitions":[
{
"label":"ROOT",
"number":0,
"size":0,
"start":0
}
]
}
],
"filesystems":[
{
"name":"root",
"mount":{
"device":"/dev/sda1",
"format":"ext4",
"create":{
"force":true,
"options":[
"-LROOT"
]
}
}
}
],
"files":[
{
"filesystem":"root",
"path":"/home/core/foo",
"contents":{
"source":"data:,Example%20file%20contents%0A",
"verification":{}
},
"mode":420,
"user":{
"id":500
},
"group":{
"id":500
}
}
]
},
"systemd":{},
"networkd":{},
"passwd":{}
}
```
See [examples/ignition](../examples/ignition) for numerous Container Linux Config template examples.
### Raw Ignition
If you prefer to design your own templating solution, raw Ignition files (suffixed with `.ign` or `.ignition`) are served directly.
This guide walks through deploying the `matchbox` service on a Linux host (via RPM, rkt, docker, or binary) or on a Kubernetes cluster.
## Provisoner
`matchbox` is a service for network booting and provisioning machines to create Container Linux clusters. `matchbox` should be installed on a provisioner machine (CoreOS or any Linux distribution) or cluster (Kubernetes) which can serve configs to client machines in a lab or datacenter.
Choose one of the supported installation options:
* [CoreOS (rkt)](#coreos)
* [RPM-based](#rpm-based-distro)
* [Generic Linux (binary)](#generic-linux)
* [With rkt](#rkt)
* [With docker](#docker)
* [Kubernetes Service](#kubernetes)
## Download
Download the latest matchbox [release](https://github.com/coreos/matchbox/releases) to the provisioner host.
# gpg: Good signature from "CoreOS Application Signing Key <security@coreos.com>"
```
Untar the release.
```sh
$ tar xzvf matchbox-v0.6.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
$ cd matchbox-v0.6.0-linux-amd64
```
## Install
### RPM-based distro
On an RPM-based provisioner, install the `matchbox` RPM from the Copr [repository](https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/g/CoreOS/matchbox/) using `dnf` or `yum`.
```sh
dnf copr enable @CoreOS/matchbox
dnf install matchbox
```
### CoreOS
On a CoreOS provisioner, rkt run `matchbox` image with the provided systemd unit.
Pre-built binaries are available for generic Linux distributions. Copy the `matchbox` static binary to an appropriate location on the host.
```sh
$ sudo cp matchbox /usr/local/bin
```
#### Set up User/Group
The `matchbox` service should be run by a non-root user with access to the `matchbox` data directory (`/var/lib/matchbox`). Create a `matchbox` user and group.
Customize matchbox by editing the systemd unit or adding a systemd dropin. Find the complete set of `matchbox` flags and environment variables at [config](config.md).
```sh
$ sudo systemctl edit matchbox
```
By default, the read-only HTTP machine endpoint will be exposed on port **8080**.
The Tectonic [Installer](https://tectonic.com/enterprise/docs/latest/install/bare-metal/index.html) uses this API. Tectonic users with a CoreOS provisioner can start with an example that enables it.
*Skip this unless you need to enable the gRPC API*
The `matchbox` gRPC API allows client apps (terraform-provider-matchbox, Tectonic Installer, etc.) to update how machines are provisioned. TLS credentials are needed for client authentication and to establish a secure communication channel. Client machines (those PXE booting) read from the HTTP endpoints and do not require this setup.
If your organization manages public key infrastructure and a certificate authority, create a server certificate and key for the `matchbox` service and a client certificate and key for each client tool.
Otherwise, generate a self-signed `ca.crt`, a server certificate (`server.crt`, `server.key`), and client credentials (`client.crt`, `client.key`) with the `examples/etc/matchbox/cert-gen` script. Export the DNS name or IP (discouraged) of the provisioner host.
```sh
$ cd examples/etc/matchbox
# DNS or IP Subject Alt Names where matchbox can be reached
`matchbox` can serve CoreOS images in development or lab environments to reduce bandwidth usage and increase the speed of CoreOS PXE boots and installs to disk.
Download a recent CoreOS [release](https://coreos.com/releases/) with signatures.
For large production environments, use a cache proxy or mirror suitable for your environment to serve CoreOS images.
## Network
Review [network setup](https://github.com/coreos/matchbox/blob/master/Documentation/network-setup.md) with your network administrator to set up DHCP, TFTP, and DNS services on your network. At a high level, your goals are to:
* Chainload PXE firmwares to iPXE
* Point iPXE client machines to the `matchbox` iPXE HTTP endpoint `http://matchbox.example.com:8080/boot.ipxe`
* Ensure `matchbox.example.com` resolves to your `matchbox` deployment
CoreOS provides [dnsmasq](https://github.com/coreos/matchbox/tree/master/contrib/dnsmasq) as `quay.io/coreos/dnsmasq`, if you wish to use rkt or Docker.
## rkt
Run the container image with rkt.
latest or most recent tagged `matchbox` [release](https://github.com/coreos/matchbox/releases) ACI. Trust the [CoreOS App Signing Key](https://coreos.com/security/app-signing-key/) for image signature verification.
Example manifests in [contrib/k8s](../contrib/k8s) enable the gRPC API to allow client apps to update matchbox objects. Generate TLS server credentials for `matchbox-rpc.example.com` [as shown](#generate-tls-credentials) and create a Kubernetes secret. Alternately, edit the example manifests if you don't need the gRPC API enabled.
Create an Ingress resource to expose the HTTP read-only and gRPC API endpoints. The Ingress example requires the cluster to have a functioning [Nginx Ingress Controller](https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress).
* Secrets: Matchbox **can** be run as a public facing service. However, you **must** follow best practices and avoid writing secret material into machine user-data. Instead, load secret materials from an internal secret store.
* Storage: Example manifests use Kubernetes `emptyDir` volumes to store `matchbox` data. Swap those out for a Kubernetes persistent volume if available.
In this tutorial, we'll run `matchbox` on your Linux machine with Docker to network boot and provision a cluster of QEMU/KVM CoreOS machines locally. You'll be able to create Kubernetes clusters, etcd3 clusters, and test network setups.
*Note*: To provision physical machines, see [network setup](network-setup.md) and [deployment](deployment.md).
## Requirements
Install the package dependencies and start the Docker daemon.
For development convenience, add `/etc/hosts` entries for nodes so they may be referenced by name as you would in production.
```sh
# /etc/hosts
...
172.17.0.21 node1.example.com
172.17.0.22 node2.example.com
172.17.0.23 node3.example.com
```
## Containers
Run the latest `matchbox` Docker image from `quay.io/coreos/matchbox` with the `etcd-docker` example. The container should receive the IP address 172.17.0.2 on the `docker0` bridge.
Take a look at the [etcd3 groups](../examples/groups/etcd3) to get an idea of how machines are mapped to Profiles. Explore some endpoints exposed by the service, say for QEMU/KVM node1.
Since the virtual network has no network boot services, use the `dnsmasq` image to create an iPXE network boot environment which runs DHCP, DNS, and TFTP.
In this case, dnsmasq runs a DHCP server allocating IPs to VMs between 172.17.0.43 and 172.17.0.99, resolves `matchbox.foo` to 172.17.0.2 (the IP where `matchbox` runs), and points iPXE clients to `http://matchbox.foo:8080/boot.ipxe`.
## Client VMs
Create QEMU/KVM VMs which have known hardware attributes. The nodes will be attached to the `docker0` bridge, where Docker's containers run.
```sh
$ sudo ./scripts/libvirt create-docker
```
You can connect to the serial console of any node. If you provisioned nodes with an SSH key, you can SSH after bring-up.
```sh
$ sudo virsh console node1
```
You can also use `virt-manager` to watch the console.
The VMs should network boot and provision themselves into a three node etcd3 cluster, with other nodes behaving as etcd3 gateways.
The example profile added autologin so you can verify that etcd3 works between nodes.
```sh
$ systemctl status etcd-member
$ ETCDCTL_API=3
$ etcdctl set /message hello
$ etcdctl get /message
```
## Clean up
Clean up the containers and VM machines.
```sh
$ sudo docker rm -f dnsmasq
$ sudo ./scripts/libvirt poweroff
$ sudo ./scripts/libvirt destroy
```
## Going further
Learn more about [matchbox](matchbox.md) or explore the other [example](../examples) clusters. Try the [k8s example](kubernetes.md) to produce a TLS-authenticated Kubernetes cluster you can access locally with `kubectl`.
In this tutorial, we'll run `matchbox` on your Linux machine with `rkt` and `CNI` to network boot and provision a cluster of QEMU/KVM CoreOS machines locally. You'll be able to create Kubernetes clustes, etcd3 clusters, and test network setups.
*Note*: To provision physical machines, see [network setup](network-setup.md) and [deployment](deployment.md).
## Requirements
Install [rkt](https://coreos.com/rkt/docs/latest/distributions.html) 1.12.0 or higher ([example script](https://github.com/dghubble/phoenix/blob/master/fedora/sources.sh)) and setup rkt [privilege separation](https://coreos.com/rkt/docs/latest/trying-out-rkt.html).
**Note**: rkt does not yet integrate with SELinux on Fedora. As a workaround, temporarily set enforcement to permissive if you are comfortable (`sudo setenforce Permissive`). Check the rkt [distribution notes](https://github.com/coreos/rkt/blob/master/Documentation/distributions.md) or see the tracking [issue](https://github.com/coreos/rkt/issues/1727).
Clone the [matchbox](https://github.com/coreos/matchbox) source which contains the examples and scripts.
For development convenience, you may wish to add `/etc/hosts` entries for nodes to refer to them by name.
```
# /etc/hosts
...
172.18.0.21 node1.example.com
172.18.0.22 node2.example.com
172.18.0.23 node3.example.com
```
## Containers
Run the `matchbox` and `dnsmasq` services on the `metal0` bridge. `dnsmasq` will run DHCP, DNS, and TFTP services to create a suitable network boot environment. `matchbox` will serve provisioning configs to machines on the network which attempt to PXE boot.
The `devnet` wrapper script rkt runs `matchbox` and `dnsmasq` in systemd transient units. Create can take the name of any example cluster in [examples](../examples).
```sh
$ sudo ./scripts/devnet create etcd3
```
Inspect the journal logs or check the status of the systemd services.
```
$ sudo ./scripts/devnet status
$ journalctl -f -u dev-matchbox
$ journalctl -f -u dev-dnsmasq
```
Take a look at the [etcd3 groups](../examples/groups/etcd3) to get an idea of how machines are mapped to Profiles. Explore some endpoints exposed by the service, say for QEMU/KVM node1.
The VMs should network boot and provision themselves into a three node etcd3 cluster, with other nodes behaving as etcd3 gateways.
The example profile added autologin so you can verify that etcd3 works between nodes.
```sh
$ systemctl status etcd-member
$ ETCDCTL_API=3
$ etcdctl set /message hello
$ etcdctl get /message
```
## Clean up
Clean up the systemd units running `matchbox` and `dnsmasq`.
```sh
$ sudo ./scripts/devnet destroy
```
Clean up VM machines.
```sh
$ sudo ./scripts/libvirt destroy
```
Press ^] three times to stop any rkt pod.
## Going further
Learn more about [matchbox](matchbox.md) or explore the other [example](../examples) clusters. Try the [k8s example](kubernetes.md) to produce a TLS-authenticated Kubernetes cluster you can access locally with `kubectl`.
In this tutorial, we'll show how to use terraform with `matchbox` to provision Container Linux machines.
You'll install the `matchbox` service, setup a PXE network boot environment, and then use terraform configs to describe your infrastructure and the terraform CLI to create those resources on `matchbox`.
## matchbox
Install `matchbox` on a dedicated server or Kubernetes cluster. Generate TLS credentials and enable the gRPC API as directed. Save the `ca.crt`, `client.crt`, and `client.key` on your local machine (e.g. `~/.matchbox`).
* Installing on [CoreOS / Linux distros](deployment.md)
* Installing on [Kubernetes](deployment.md#kubernetes)
* Running with [rkt](deployment.md#rkt) / [docker](deployment.md#docker)
Verify the matchbox read-only HTTP endpoints are accessible.
```sh
$ curl http://matchbox.example.com:8080
matchbox
```
Verify your TLS client certificate and key can be used to access the gRPC API.
Let's start with the `simple-install` example. With `simple-install`, any machines which PXE boot from matchbox will install CoreOS to `dev/sda`, reboot, and have your SSH key set. Its not much of a cluster, but we'll get to that later.
```sh
$ cd simple-install
```
Configure the variables in `variables.tf` by creating a `terraform.tfvars` file.
Terraform can now interact with the matchbox service and create resources.
```sh
$ terraform plan
Plan: 4 to add, 0 to change, 0 to destroy.
```
Let's review the terraform config and learn a bit about matchbox.
#### Provider
Matchbox is configured as a provider platform for bare-metal resources.
```hcl
//Configurethematchboxprovider
provider"matchbox" {
endpoint="${var.matchbox_rpc_endpoint}"
client_cert="${file("~/.matchbox/client.crt")}"
client_key="${file("~/.matchbox/client.key")}"
ca="${file("~/.matchbox/ca.crt")}"
}
```
#### Profiles
Machine profiles specify the kernel, initrd, kernel args, Container Linux Config, Cloud-config, or other configs used to network boot and provision a bare-metal machine. This profile will PXE boot machines using the current stable Container Linux kernel and initrd (see [assets](api.md#assets) to learn about caching for speed) and supply a Container Linux Config specifying that a disk install and reboot should be performed. Learn more about [Container Linux configs](https://coreos.com/os/docs/latest/configuration.html).
Matcher groups match machines based on labels like MAC, UUID, etc. to different profiles and template in machine-specific values. This group does not have a `selector` block, so any machines which network boot from matchbox will match this group and be provisioned using the `coreos-install` profile. Machines are matched to the most specific matching group.
Matchbox can integrate with many on-premise network setups. It does not seek to be the DHCP server, TFTP server, or DNS server for the network. Instead, matchbox serves iPXE scripts and GRUB configs as the entrypoint for provisioning network booted machines. PXE clients are supported by chainloading iPXE firmware.
In the simplest case, an iPXE-enabled network can chain to matchbox,
```
# /var/www/html/ipxe/default.ipxe
chain http://matchbox.foo:8080/boot.ipxe
```
Read [network-setup.md](network-setup.md) for the complete range of options. Network admins have a great amount of flexibility:
* May keep using existing DHCP, TFTP, and DNS services
* May configure subnets, architectures, or specific machines to delegate to matchbox
* May place matchbox behind a menu entry (timeout and default to matchbox)
If you've never setup a PXE-enabled network before or you're trying to setup a home lab, checkout the [quay.io/coreos/dnsmasq](https://quay.io/repository/coreos/dnsmasq) container image [copy-paste examples](https://github.com/coreos/matchbox/blob/master/Documentation/network-setup.md#coreosdnsmasq) and see the section about [proxy-DHCP](https://github.com/coreos/matchbox/blob/master/Documentation/network-setup.md#proxy-dhcp).
## Boot
Its time to network boot your machines. Use the BMC's remote management capablities (may be vendor-specific) to set the boot device (on the next boot only) to PXE and power on each machine.
```sh
$ ipmitool -H node1.example.com -U USER -P PASS power off
$ ipmitool -H node1.example.com -U USER -P PASS power on
```
Each machine should chainload iPXE, delegate to `matchbox`, receive its iPXE config (or other supported configs) and begin the provisioning process. The `simple-install` example assumes your machines are configured to boot from disk first and PXE only when requested, but you can write profiles for different cases.
Once the Container Linux install completes and the machine reboots you can SSH,
```ssh
$ ssh core@node1.example.com
```
To re-provision the machine for another purpose, run `terraform apply` and PXE boot it again.
## Going Further
Matchbox can be used to provision multi-node Container Linux clusters at one or many on-premise sites if deployed in an HA way. Machines can be matched individually by MAC address, UUID, region, or other labels you choose. Installs can be made much faster by caching images in the built-in HTTP [assets](api.md#assets) server.
[Container Linux configs](https://coreos.com/os/docs/latest/configuration.html) can be used to partition disks and filesystems, write systemd units, write networkd configs or regular files, and create users. Container Linux nodes can be provisioned into a system that meets your needs. Checkout the examples which create a 3 node [etcd](../examples/terraform/etcd3-install) cluster or a 3 node [Kubernetes](../examples/terraform/bootkube-install) cluster.
Create UEFI VM nodes which have known hardware attributes.
```sh
$ sudo ./scripts/libvirt create-uefi
```
## Docker
If you use Docker, run `matchbox` according to [matchbox with Docker](getting-started-docker.md), but mount the [grub](../examples/groups/grub) group example. Then start the `coreos/dnsmasq` Docker image, which bundles a `grub.efi`.
The Kubernetes example provisions a 3 node Kubernetes v1.5.5 cluster with one controller, two workers, and TLS authentication. An etcd cluster backs Kubernetes and coordinates CoreOS auto-updates (enabled for disk installs).
## Requirements
Ensure that you've gone through the [matchbox with rkt](getting-started-rkt.md) or [matchbox with docker](getting-started-docker.md) guide and understand the basics. In particular, you should be able to:
* Use rkt or Docker to start `matchbox`
* Create a network boot environment with `coreos/dnsmasq`
* Create the example libvirt client VMs
*`/etc/hosts` entries for `node[1-3].example.com` (or pass custom names to `k8s-certgen`)
## Examples
The [examples](../examples) statically assign IP addresses to libvirt client VMs created by `scripts/libvirt`. VMs are setup on the `metal0` CNI bridge for rkt or the `docker0` bridge for Docker. The examples can be used for physical machines if you update the MAC addresses. See [network setup](network-setup.md) and [deployment](deployment.md).
* [k8s](../examples/groups/k8s) - iPXE boot a Kubernetes cluster
* [k8s-install](../examples/groups/k8s-install) - Install a Kubernetes cluster to disk
Optionally, add your SSH public key to each machine group definition [as shown](../examples/README.md#ssh-keys).
Generate a root CA and Kubernetes TLS assets for components (`admin`, `apiserver`, `worker`) with SANs for `node1.example.com`, etc.
```sh
$ rm -rf examples/assets/tls
$ ./scripts/tls/k8s-certgen
```
**Note**: TLS assets are served to any machines which request them, which requires a trusted network. Alternately, provisioning may be tweaked to require TLS assets be securely copied to each host.
## Containers
Use rkt or docker to start `matchbox` and mount the desired example resources. Create a network boot environment and power-on your machines. Revisit [matchbox with rkt](getting-started-rkt.md) or [matchbox with Docker](getting-started-docker.md) for help.
Client machines should boot and provision themselves. Local client VMs should network boot CoreOS in about a 1 minute and the Kubernetes API should be available after 3-4 minutes (each node downloads a ~160MB Hyperkube). If you chose `k8s-install`, notice that machines install CoreOS and then reboot (in libvirt, you must hit "power" again). Time to network boot and provision Kubernetes clusters on physical hardware depends on a number of factors (POST duration, boot device iteration, network speed, etc.).
## Verify
[Install kubectl](https://coreos.com/kubernetes/docs/latest/configure-kubectl.html) on your laptop. Use the generated kubeconfig to access the Kubernetes cluster created on rkt `metal0` or `docker0`.
Physical machines [network boot](network-booting.md) in an network boot environment with DHCP/TFTP/DNS services or with [coreos/dnsmasq](../contrib/dnsmasq).
`matchbox` serves iPXE, GRUB, or Pixiecore boot configs via HTTP to machines based on Group selectors (e.g. UUID, MAC, region, etc.) and machine Profiles. Kernel and initrd images are fetched and booted with Ignition to install CoreOS. The "first boot" Ignition config if fetched and CoreOS is installed.
CoreOS boots ("first boot" from disk) and runs Ignition to provision its disk with systemd units, files, keys, and more to become a cluster node. Systemd units may fetch metadata from a remote source if needed.
Coordinated auto-updates are enabled. Systems like [fleet](https://coreos.com/docs/#fleet) or [Kubernetes](http://kubernetes.io/docs/) coordinate container services. IPMI, vendor utilities, or first-boot are used to re-provision machines into new roles.
The `rktnetes` example provisions a 3 node Kubernetes v1.5.5 cluster with [rkt](https://github.com/coreos/rkt) as the container runtime. The cluster has one controller, two workers, and TLS authentication. An etcd cluster backs Kubernetes and coordinates CoreOS auto-updates (enabled for disk installs).
## Requirements
Ensure that you've gone through the [matchbox with rkt](getting-started-rkt.md) or [matchbox with docker](getting-started-docker.md) guide and understand the basics. In particular, you should be able to:
* Use rkt or Docker to start `matchbox`
* Create a network boot environment with `coreos/dnsmasq`
* Create the example libvirt client VMs
*`/etc/hosts` entries for `node[1-3].example.com` (or pass custom names to `k8s-certgen`)
## Examples
The [examples](../examples) statically assign IP addresses to libvirt client VMs created by `scripts/libvirt`. VMs are setup on the `metal0` CNI bridge for rkt or the `docker0` bridge for Docker. The examples can be used for physical machines if you update the MAC addresses. See [network setup](network-setup.md) and [deployment](deployment.md).
* [rktnetes](../examples/groups/rktnetes) - iPXE boot a Kubernetes cluster
* [rktnetes-install](../examples/groups/rktnetes-install) - Install a Kubernetes cluster to disk
Optionally, add your SSH public key to each machine group definition [as shown](../examples/README.md#ssh-keys).
Generate a root CA and Kubernetes TLS assets for components (`admin`, `apiserver`, `worker`) with SANs for `node1.example.com`, etc.
```sh
$ rm -rf examples/assets/tls
$ ./scripts/tls/k8s-certgen
```
**Note**: TLS assets are served to any machines which request them, which requires a trusted network. Alternately, provisioning may be tweaked to require TLS assets be securely copied to each host.
## Containers
Use rkt or docker to start `matchbox` and mount the desired example resources. Create a network boot environment and power-on your machines. Revisit [matchbox with rkt](getting-started-rkt.md) or [matchbox with Docker](getting-started-docker.md) for help.
Client machines should boot and provision themselves. Local client VMs should network boot CoreOS in about a 1 minute and the Kubernetes API should be available after 3-4 minutes (each node downloads a ~160MB Hyperkube). If you chose `rktnetes-install`, notice that machines install CoreOS and then reboot (in libvirt, you must hit "power" again). Time to network boot and provision Kubernetes clusters on physical hardware depends on a number of factors (POST duration, boot device iteration, network speed, etc.).
## Verify
[Install kubectl](https://coreos.com/kubernetes/docs/latest/configure-kubectl.html) on your laptop. Use the generated kubeconfig to access the Kubernetes cluster created on rkt `metal0` or `docker0`.
Running DHCP or proxyDHCP with `coreos/dnsmasq` on a host requires that the Firewall allow DHCP and TFTP (for chainloading) services to run.
## Port collision
Running DHCP or proxyDHCP can cause port already in use collisions depending on what's running. Fedora runs bootp listening on udp/67 for example. Find the service using the port.
```sh
$ sudo lsof -i :67
```
Evaluate whether you can configure the existing service or whether you'd like to stop it and test with `coreos/dnsmasq`.
## No boot filename received
PXE client firmware did not receive a DHCP Offer with PXE-Options after several attempts. If you're using the `coreos/dnsmasq` image with `-d`, each request should log to stdout. Using the wrong `-i` interface is the most common reason DHCP requests are not received. Otherwise, wireshark can be useful for investigating.
Network boot and provision Container Linux clusters on virtual or physical hardware.
`matchbox` is a service that matches bare-metal machines to profiles that PXE boot and provision clusters. Machines are matched by labels like MAC or UUID during PXE and profiles specify a kernel/initrd, iPXE config, and Ignition config.
**Announcement**: Matchbox [v0.6.0](https://github.com/coreos/matchbox/releases) is released with a new [Matchbox Terraform Provider][terraform] and [tutorial](Documentation/getting-started.md).
## Features
## matchbox
* Chainload via iPXE and match hardware labels
* Provision Fedora CoreOS or Flatcar Linux (powered by [Ignition](https://github.com/coreos/ignition))
* Authenticated gRPC API for clients (e.g. Terraform)
`matchbox` is a service that matches machines (based on labels like MAC, UUID, etc.) to profiles to PXE boot and provision Container Linux clusters. Profiles specify the kernel/initrd, kernel arguments, iPXE config, GRUB config, [Container Linux Config][cl-config], [Cloud-Config][cloud-config], or other configs a machine should use. Matchbox can be [installed](Documentation/deployment.md) as a binary, RPM, container image, or deployed on a Kubernetes cluster and it provides an authenticated gRPC API for clients like [terraform][terraform].
* Installing on [CoreOS / Linux distros](Documentation/deployment.md)
* Installing on [Kubernetes](Documentation/deployment.md#kubernetes)
* Running with [rkt](Documentation/deployment.md#rkt) / [docker](Documentation/deployment.md#docker)
* [Network Setup](Documentation/network-setup.md)
Matchbox can be installed from a binary or a container image.
### Tutorials
* Install Matchbox as a [binary](docs/deployment.md#matchbox-binary), as a [container image](docs/deployment.md#container-image), or on [Kubernetes](docs/deployment.md#kubernetes)
* Setup a PXE-enabled [network](docs/network-setup.md)
* [dnsmasq](contrib/dnsmasq/README.md) - Run DHCP, TFTP, and DNS services with docker or rkt
## Enterprise
[Tectonic](https://coreos.com/tectonic/) is the enterprise-ready Kubernetes offering from CoreOS (free for 10 nodes!). The [Tectonic Installer](https://coreos.com/tectonic/docs/latest/install/bare-metal/#4-tectonic-installer) app integrates directly with `matchbox` through its gRPC API to provide a rich graphical client for populating `matchbox` with machine configs.
Learn more from our [docs](https://coreos.com/tectonic/docs/latest/) or [blog](https://coreos.com/blog/tectonic-1-5-2.html).
Notable changes image releases. The dnsmasq project [upstream](http://www.thekelleys.org.uk/dnsmasq/doc.html) has its own [changelog](http://www.thekelleys.org.uk/dnsmasq/CHANGELOG).
## v0.4.0
*`dnsmasq` package version 2.76
* Rebuild with alpine:3.5 base image to receive patches
* Update CoreOS `grub.efi` to be recent (stable, 1298.7.0)
# dnsmasq [](https://quay.io/repository/coreos/dnsmasq)
# dnsmasq
`dnsmasq` provides a container image for running DHCP, proxy DHCP, DNS, and/or TFTP with [dnsmasq](http://www.thekelleys.org.uk/dnsmasq/doc.html). Use it to test different network setups with clusters of network bootable machines.
Moved to [dnsmasq](https://github.com/poseidon/dnsmasq).
The image bundles `undionly.kpxe` which chainloads PXE clients to iPXE and `grub.efi` (experimental) which chainloads UEFI architectures to GRUB2.
## Usage
Run the container image as a DHCP, DNS, and TFTP service.
```sh
sudo rkt run --net=host quay.io/coreos/dnsmasq -- -d -q \
Press ^] three times to stop the rkt pod. Press ctrl-C to stop the Docker container.
## Configuration Flags
Configuration arguments can be provided as flags. Check the dnsmasq [man pages](http://www.thekelleys.org.uk/dnsmasq/docs/dnsmasq-man.html) for a complete list.
| flag | description | example |
|----------|-------------|---------|
| --dhcp-range | Enable DHCP, lease given range | `172.18.0.50,172.18.0.99`, `192.168.1.1,proxy,255.255.255.0` |
| --dhcp-boot | DHCP next server option | `http://matchbox.foo:8080/boot.ipxe` |
| --enable-tftp | Enable serving from tftp-root over TFTP | NA |
| --address | IP address for a domain name | /matchbox.foo/172.18.0.2 |
## Development
Build a container image locally.
make docker-image
Run the image with Docker on the `docker0` bridge (default).
sudo docker run --rm --cap-add=NET_ADMIN coreos/dnsmasq -d -q
**Note:** We recommend migrating to [Container Linux Configs](container-linux-config.md) for hardware provisioning.
!!! warning
Migrate to [Ignition configs](ignition.md). Cloud-Config support will be removed in the future.
CoreOS Cloud-Config is a system for configuring machines with a Cloud-Config file or executable script from user-data. Cloud-Config runs in userspace on each boot and implements a subset of the [cloud-init spec](http://cloudinit.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/format.html#cloud-config-data). See the cloud-config [docs](https://coreos.com/os/docs/latest/cloud-config.html) for details.
@@ -18,21 +18,18 @@ Cloud-Config template files can be added in `/var/lib/matchbox/cloud` or in a `c
## Reference
Reference a Cloud-Config in a [Profile](matchbox.md#profiles) with `cloud_id`. When PXE booting, use the kernel option `cloud-config-url` to point to `matchbox` [cloud-config endpoint](api.md#cloud-config).
Reference a Cloud-Config in a [Profile](matchbox.md#profiles) with `cloud_id`. When PXE booting, use the kernel option `cloud-config-url` to point to `matchbox` [cloud-config endpoint](api-http.md#cloud-config).
## Examples
Here is an example Cloud-Config which starts some units and writes a file.
<!-- {% raw %} -->
```yaml
#cloud-config
coreos:
units:
- name: etcd2.service
command: start
- name: fleet.service
command: start
write_files:
- path: "/home/core/welcome"
owner: "core"
@@ -40,7 +37,6 @@ write_files:
content: |
{{.greeting}}
```
<!-- {% endraw %} -->
The Cloud-Config [Validator](https://coreos.com/validate/) is also useful for checking your Cloud-Config files for errors.
This guide walks through deploying the `matchbox` service on a Linux host (as a binary or container image) or on a Kubernetes cluster.
## Provisoner
Matchbox is a service for network booting and provisioning machines to create Fedora CoreOS or Flatcar Linux clusters. Matchbox may installed on a host server or Kubernetes cluster that can serve configs to client machines in a lab or datacenter.
Choose one of the supported installation options:
* [Matchbox binary](#matchbox-binary)
* [Container image](#container-image)
* [Kubernetes manifests](#kubernetes)
## Download
Download the latest Matchbox [release](https://github.com/poseidon/matchbox/releases).
Verify the release has been signed by Dalton Hubble's GPG [Key](https://keyserver.ubuntu.com/pks/lookup?search=0x8F515AD1602065C8&op=vindex)'s signing subkey.
gpg: Good signature from "Dalton Hubble <dghubble@gmail.com>"
```
Untar the release.
```sh
$ tar xzvf matchbox-v0.10.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
$ cd matchbox-v0.10.0-linux-amd64
```
## Install
Run Matchbox as a binary, a container image, or on Kubernetes.
### Matchbox Binary
Pre-built binaries are available for generic Linux distributions. Copy the `matchbox` static binary to an appropriate location on the host.
```sh
$ sudo cp matchbox /usr/local/bin
```
#### Set up User/Group
The `matchbox` service should be run by a non-root user with access to the `matchbox` data directory (`/var/lib/matchbox`). Create a `matchbox` user and group.
Customize Matchbox by editing the systemd unit or adding a systemd dropin. Find the complete set of `matchbox` flags and environment variables at [config](config.md).
```sh
$ sudo systemctl edit matchbox
```
By default, the read-only HTTP machine endpoint will be exposed on port **8080**.
Create machine profiles, groups, or Ignition configs by adding files to `/var/lib/matchbox`.
### Kubernetes
Install Matchbox on a Kubernetes cluster with the example manifests.
```sh
$ kubectl apply -R -f contrib/k8s
$ kubectl get services
NAME CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
matchbox 10.3.0.145 <none> 8080/TCP,8081/TCP 46m
```
Example manifests in [contrib/k8s](../contrib/k8s) enable the gRPC API to allow client apps to update matchbox objects. Generate TLS server certificates for `matchbox-rpc.example.com` [as shown](#generate-tls-certificates) and create a Kubernetes secret. Alternately, edit the example manifests if you don't need the gRPC API enabled.
Create an Ingress resource to expose the HTTP read-only and gRPC API endpoints. The Ingress example requires the cluster to have a functioning [Nginx Ingress Controller](https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress).
The Matchbox gRPC API allows clients (terraform-provider-matchbox) to create and update Matchbox resources. TLS credentials are needed for client authentication and to establish a secure communication channel. Client machines (those PXE booting) read from the HTTP endpoints and do not require this setup.
The `cert-gen` helper script generates a self-signed CA, server certificate, and client certificate. **Prefer your organization's PKI, if possible**
Navigate to the `scripts/tls` directory.
```sh
$ cd scripts/tls
```
Export `SAN` to set the Subject Alt Names which should be used in certificates. Provide the fully qualified domain name or IP (discouraged) where Matchbox will be installed.
For large production environments, use a cache proxy or mirror suitable for your environment to serve images.
## Network
Review [network setup](https://github.com/poseidon/matchbox/blob/master/docs/network-setup.md) with your network administrator to set up DHCP, TFTP, and DNS services on your network. At a high level, your goals are to:
* Chainload PXE firmwares to iPXE
* Point iPXE client machines to the `matchbox` iPXE HTTP endpoint `http://matchbox.example.com:8080/boot.ipxe`
* Ensure `matchbox.example.com` resolves to your `matchbox` deployment
Poseidon provides [dnsmasq](https://github.com/poseidon/matchbox/tree/master/contrib/dnsmasq) as `quay.io/poseidon/dnsmasq`.
# TLS
Matchbox can serve the read-only HTTP API with TLS.
| Name | Type | Description |
|----------------|--------|-------------|
| -web-ssl | bool | true/false |
| -web-cert-file | string | Path to the server TLS certificate file |
| -web-key-file | string | Path to the server TLS key file |
However, it is more common to use an Ingress Controller (Kubernetes) to terminate TLS.
### Operational notes
* Secrets: Matchbox **can** be run as a public facing service. However, you **must** follow best practices and avoid writing secret material into machine user-data. Instead, load secret materials from an internal secret store.
* Storage: Example manifests use Kubernetes `emptyDir` volumes to store `matchbox` data. Swap those out for a Kubernetes persistent volume if available.
In this tutorial, we'll run `matchbox` on a Linux machine with Docker to network boot and provision local QEMU/KVM machines as Fedora CoreOS or Flatcar Linux machines. You'll be able to test network setups and Ignition provisioning.
!!! note
To provision physical machines, see [network setup](network-setup.md) and [deployment](deployment.md).
## Requirements
Install the package dependencies and start the Docker daemon.
For development convenience, add `/etc/hosts` entries for nodes so they may be referenced by name.
```sh
# /etc/hosts
...
172.17.0.21 node1.example.com
172.17.0.22 node2.example.com
172.17.0.23 node3.example.com
```
## Containers
Run the `matchbox` and `dnsmasq` services on the `docker0` bridge. `dnsmasq` will run DHCP, DNS and TFTP services to create a suitable network boot environment. `matchbox` will serve configs to machines as they PXE boot.
The `devnet` convenience script can start these services and accepts the name of any example in [examples](https://github.com/poseidon/matchbox/tree/master/examples).
```sh
$ sudo ./scripts/devnet create fedora-coreos
```
Inspect the logs.
```
$ sudo ./scripts/devnet status
```
Inspect the examples and Matchbox endpoints to see how machines (e.g. node1 with MAC `52:54:00:a1:9c:ae`) are mapped to Profiles, and therefore iPXE and Ignition configs.
In this tutorial, we'll use `matchbox` with Terraform to provision Fedora CoreOS or Flatcar Linux machines.
We'll install the `matchbox` service, setup a PXE network boot environment, and use Terraform configs to declare infrastructure and apply resources on `matchbox`.
## matchbox
Install `matchbox` on a host server or Kubernetes cluster. Generate TLS credentials and enable the gRPC API as directed. Save the `ca.crt`, `client.crt`, and `client.key` on your local machine (e.g. `~/.matchbox`).
* Installing on a [Linux distro](deployment.md)
* Installing on [Kubernetes](deployment.md#kubernetes)
* Running with [docker](deployment.md#docker)
Verify the matchbox read-only HTTP endpoints are accessible.
```sh
$ curl http://matchbox.example.com:8080
matchbox
```
Verify your TLS client certificate and key can be used to access the gRPC API.
Select from the Terraform [examples](https://github.com/poseidon/matchbox/tree/master/examples/terraform). For example,
*`fedora-coreos-install` - PXE boot, install Fedora CoreOS to disk, reboot, and machines come up with your SSH authorized key set
*`flatcar-install` - PXE boot, install Flatcar Linux to disk, reboot, and machines come up with your SSH authorized key set
These aren't exactly full clusters, but they show declarations and network provisioning.
```sh
$ cd fedora-coreos-install # or flatcar-install
```
!!! note
Fedora CoreOS images are only served via HTTPS, so your iPXE firmware must be compiled to support HTTPS downloads.
Let's review the terraform config and learn a bit about Matchbox.
### Provider
Matchbox is configured as a provider platform for bare-metal resources.
```tf
// Configure the matchbox provider
provider"matchbox"{
endpoint=var.matchbox_rpc_endpoint
client_cert=file("~/.matchbox/client.crt")
client_key=file("~/.matchbox/client.key")
ca=file("~/.matchbox/ca.crt")
}
terraform{
required_providers{
ct={
source="poseidon/ct"
version="0.10.0"
}
matchbox={
source="poseidon/matchbox"
version="0.5.0"
}
}
}
```
### Profiles
Machine profiles specify the kernel, initrd, kernel args, Ignition Config, or other configs (e.g. templated Butane Config, generic) used to network boot and provision a bare-metal machine. The profile below would PXE boot machines using a Fedora CoreOS kernel and initrd (see [assets](api-http.md#assets) to learn about caching for speed), perform a disk install, reboot (first boot from disk), and use a [Fedora CoreOS Config](https://github.com/coreos/fcct/blob/master/docs/configuration-v1_1.md) to generate an Ignition config to provision.
"--name main https://builds.coreos.fedoraproject.org/prod/streams/${var.os_stream}/builds/${var.os_version}/x86_64/fedora-coreos-${var.os_version}-live-initramfs.x86_64.img"
Matcher groups match machines based on labels like MAC, UUID, etc. to different profiles and templates in machine-specific values. The group below does not have a `selector` block, so any machines which network boot from Matchbox will match this group and be provisioned using the `fedora-coreos-install` profile. Machines are matched to the most specific matching group.
Some Terraform [variables](https://www.terraform.io/docs/configuration/variables.html) are used in the examples. A quick way to set their value is by creating a `terraform.tfvars` file.
Matchbox can integrate with many on-premise network setups. It does not seek to be the DHCP server, TFTP server, or DNS server for the network. Instead, matchbox serves iPXE scripts as the entrypoint for provisioning network booted machines. PXE clients are supported by chainloading iPXE firmware.
In the simplest case, an iPXE-enabled network can chain to Matchbox,
```
# /var/www/html/ipxe/default.ipxe
chain http://matchbox.foo:8080/boot.ipxe
```
Read [network-setup.md](network-setup.md) for the complete range of options. Network admins have a great amount of flexibility:
* May keep using existing DHCP, TFTP, and DNS services
* May configure subnets, architectures, or specific machines to delegate to matchbox
* May place matchbox behind a menu entry (timeout and default to matchbox)
If you've never setup a PXE-enabled network before or you're trying to setup a home lab, checkout the [quay.io/poseidon/dnsmasq](https://quay.io/repository/poseidon/dnsmasq) container image [copy-paste examples](https://github.com/poseidon/matchbox/blob/master/docs/network-setup.md#poseidondnsmasq) and see the section about [proxy-DHCP](https://github.com/poseidon/matchbox/blob/master/docs/network-setup.md#proxy-dhcp).
## Boot
Its time to network boot your machines. Use the BMC's remote management capabilities (may be vendor-specific) to set the boot device (on the next boot only) to PXE and power on each machine.
```sh
$ ipmitool -H node1.example.com -U USER -P PASS power off
$ ipmitool -H node1.example.com -U USER -P PASS power on
```
Each machine should chainload iPXE, delegate to Matchbox, receive its iPXE config (or other supported configs) and begin the provisioning process. The examples assume machines are configured to boot from disk first and PXE only when requested, but you can write profiles for different cases.
Once the install completes and the machine reboots, you can SSH.
```ssh
$ ssh core@node1.example.com
```
To re-provision the machine for another purpose, run `terraform apply` and PXE boot machines again.
## Going Further
Matchbox can be used to provision multi-node Fedora CoreOS or Flatcar Linux clusters at one or many on-premise sites if deployed in an HA way. Machines can be matched individually by MAC address, UUID, region, or other labels you choose. Installs can be made much faster by caching images in the built-in HTTP [assets](api-http.md#assets) server.
[Ignition](https://github.com/coreos/ignition) can be used to partition disks, create file systems, write systemd units, write networkd configs or regular files, and create users. Nodes can be network provisioned into a complete cluster system that meets your needs. For example, see [Typhoon](https://typhoon.psdn.io/fedora-coreos/bare-metal/).
For local development, install the dependencies for libvirt with UEFI.
* [UEFI with QEMU](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Using_UEFI_with_QEMU)
Ensure that you've gone through the [matchbox with docker](getting-started-docker.md) and [matchbox](matchbox.md) guides and understand the basics.
## Containers
Run `matchbox` according to [matchbox with Docker](getting-started-docker.md), but mount the [grub](../examples/groups/grub) group example. Then start the `poseidon/dnsmasq` Docker image, which bundles a `grub.efi`.
[Ignition](https://coreos.github.io/ignition/) configs define how disks should be provisioned (on network boot and first-boot from disk) to partition disks, write files (regular files, systemd units, networkd units, etc.), and configure users. Ignition is used by:
* Fedora CoreOS
* RHEL CoreOS
* Flatcar Linux
See the Ignition Config v3.x [specs](https://coreos.github.io/ignition/specs/) for details.
## Usage
Ignition configs can be added to the `/var/lib/matchbox/ignition` directory or in an `ignition` subdirectory of a custom `-data-path`. Ignition configs must end in `.ign` or `ignition`.
```
/var/lib/matchbox
├── ignition
│ └── k8s-controller.ign
│ └── k8s-worker.ign
└── profiles
```
Matchbox Profiles can set an Ignition config for provisioning machines. Specify the Ignition config in a [Profile](matchbox.md#profiles) with `ignition_id`.
```json
{
"id":"worker",
"name":"My Profile",
"boot":{
...
},
"ignition_id":"my-ignition.ign"
}
```
When PXE booting, set kernel arguments depending on the OS (e.g. `ignition.firstboot` on FCOS, `flatcar.first_boot=yes` on Flatcar).
Point the `ignition.config.url` or `flatcar.config.url` to point to the `matchbox` [Ignition endpoint](api-http.md#ignition-config).
Matchbox parses Ignition configs (e.g. `.ign` or `.ignition`) at spec v3.3 or below and renders to the current supported version (v3.3). This relies on Ignition's [forward compatibility](https://github.com/coreos/ignition/blob/main/config/v3_3/config.go#L61).
## Writing Configs
Ignition configs can be prepared externally and loaded via the gRPC API, rather than writing Ignition by hand.
### Terraform
Terraform can be used to prepare Ignition configs, while providing integrations with external systems and rich templating. Using tools like [poseidon/terraform-provider-ct](https://github.com/poseidon/terraform-provider-ct), you can write Butane config (an easier YAML format), validate configs, and load Ignition into Matchbox ([examples](https://github.com/poseidon/matchbox/tree/main/examples/terraform)).
Define a Butane config for Fedora CoreOS or Flatcar Linux:
```yaml
variant:fcos
version:1.5.0
passwd:
users:
- name:core
ssh_authorized_keys:
- ssh-key foo
```
```yaml
variant:flatcar
version:1.1.0
passwd:
users:
- name:core
ssh_authorized_keys:
- ssh-key foo
```
Define a `ct_config` data source with strict validation. Optionally use Terraform [templating](https://github.com/poseidon/terraform-provider-ct).
```tf
data"ct_config""worker"{
content=file("worker.yaml")
strict=true
pretty_print=false
snippets=[
file("units.yaml"),
file("storage.yaml"),
]
}
```
Then render the Butane config to Ignition and use it in a Matchbox Profile.
See the Terraform [examples](https://github.com/poseidon/matchbox/tree/main/examples#terraform-examples) for details.
### Butane
The [Butane](https://coreos.github.io/butane/) command line tool can be used to convert Butane configs (an easier YAML format) to Ignition. Then you can use the Matchbox gRPC API to upload the rendered Ignition to Matchbox for serving to machines on boot.
See [examples/ignition](../examples/ignition) for Butane config examples.
### Matchbox Rendering
While Matchbox recommends preparing Ignition configs externally (e.g. using Terraform's rich templating), Matchbox does still support limited templating and translation features with a builtin Butane converter.
Specify a Butane config in a [Profile](matchbox.md#profiles) with `ignition_id` (file must not end in `.ign` or `.ignition`).
```json
{
"id":"worker",
"name":"My Profile",
"boot":{
...
},
"ignition_id":"butane.yaml"
}
```
Here is an example Butane config with Matchbox template elements. Template files may contain [Go template](https://golang.org/pkg/text/template/) elements which will be interpreted using group metadata, selectors, and query params.
```yaml
variant:flatcar
version:1.1.0
storage:
files:
- path:/var/home/core/foo
mode:0644
contents:
inline:|
{{.example_contents}}
{{if index . "ssh_authorized_keys" }}
passwd:
users:
- name:core
ssh_authorized_keys:
{{range $element := .ssh_authorized_keys }}
- {{$element}}
{{end}}
{{end}}
```
Matchbox will use the Butane library to config to the current supported Ignition version. This relies on Ignition's [forward compatibility](https://github.com/coreos/ignition/blob/main/config/v3_3/config.go#L61).
Matchbox is a service that matches bare-metal machines to profiles that PXE boot and provision clusters. Machines are matched by labels like MAC or UUID during PXE and profiles specify a kernel/initrd, iPXE config, and Ignition config.
## Features
* Chainload via iPXE and match hardware labels
* Provision Fedora CoreOS or Flatcar Linux (powered by [Ignition](https://github.com/coreos/ignition))
* Authenticated gRPC API for clients (e.g. Terraform)
## Installation
Matchbox can be installed from a binary or a container image.
* Install Matchbox as a [binary](deployment.md#matchbox-binary), as a [container image](deployment.md#container-image), or on [Kubernetes](deployment.md#kubernetes)
* Setup a PXE-enabled [network](network-setup.md)
## Tutorials
Start provisioning machines with Fedora CoreOS or Flatcar Linux.
* [Terraform Usage](getting-started.md)
* Fedora CoreOS (live PXE or PXE install to disk)
* Flatcar Linux (live PXE or PXE install to disk)
* [Local QEMU/KVM](getting-started-docker.md)
* Fedora CoreOS (live PXE or PXE install to disk)
* Flatcar Linux (live PXE or PXE install to disk)
## Related
* [dnsmasq](https://github.com/poseidon/matchbox/tree/master/contrib/dnsmasq) - container image to run DHCP, TFTP, and DNS services
* [terraform-provider-matchbox](https://github.com/poseidon/terraform-provider-matchbox) - Terraform provider plugin for Matchbox
* [Typhoon](https://typhoon.psdn.io/) - minimal and free Kubernetes distribution, supporting bare-metal
Physical machines [network boot](network-booting.md) in an network boot environment with DHCP/TFTP/DNS services or with [poseidon/dnsmasq](../contrib/dnsmasq).
`matchbox` serves iPXE or GRUB configs via HTTP to machines based on Group selectors (e.g. UUID, MAC, region, etc.) and machine Profiles. Kernel and initrd images are fetched and booted with Ignition to install CoreOS Container Linux. The "first boot" Ignition config if fetched and Container Linux is installed.
Container Linux boots ("first boot" from disk) and runs Ignition to provision its disk with systemd units, files, keys, and more to become a cluster node. Systemd units may fetch metadata from a remote source if needed.
Coordinated auto-updates are enabled. Systems like [Kubernetes](http://kubernetes.io/docs/) coordinate container services. IPMI, vendor utilities, or first-boot are used to re-provision machines into new roles.
`matchbox` is an HTTP and gRPC service that renders signed [Ignition configs](https://coreos.com/ignition/docs/latest/what-is-ignition.html), [cloud-configs](https://coreos.com/os/docs/latest/cloud-config.html), network boot configs, and metadata to machines to create Container Linux clusters. `matchbox` maintains **Group** definitions which match machines to *profiles* based on labels (e.g. MAC address, UUID, stage, region). A **Profile** is a named set of config templates (e.g. iPXE, GRUB, Ignition config, Cloud-Config, generic configs). The aim is to use CoreOS Linux's early-boot capabilities to provision CoreOS machines.
`matchbox` is an HTTP and gRPC service that renders signed [Ignition configs](https://coreos.com/ignition/docs/latest/what-is-ignition.html), [cloud-configs](https://coreos.com/os/docs/latest/cloud-config.html), network boot configs, and metadata to machines to create CoreOS Container Linux clusters. `matchbox` maintains **Group** definitions which match machines to *profiles* based on labels (e.g. MAC address, UUID, stage, region). A **Profile** is a named set of config templates (e.g. iPXE, GRUB, Ignition config, Cloud-Config, generic configs). The aim is to use Container Linux's early-boot capabilities to provision Container Linux machines.
Network boot endpoints provide PXE, iPXE, GRUB support. `matchbox` can be deployed as a binary, as an [appc](https://github.com/appc/spec) container with rkt, or as a Docker container.
Network boot endpoints provide PXE, iPXE, GRUB support. `matchbox` can be run a binary or as a container.
## Getting started
Get started running `matchbox` on your Linux machine, with rkt or Docker.
Get started running `matchbox` on your Linux machine, with Docker.
* [matchbox with rkt](getting-started-rkt.md)
* [matchbox with Docker](getting-started-docker.md)
## Flags
@@ -19,8 +18,8 @@ See [configuration](config.md) flags and variables.
@@ -75,11 +74,11 @@ Profiles reference an Ignition config, Cloud-Config, and/or generic config by na
}
```
The `"boot"` settings will be used to render configs to network boot programs such as iPXE, GRUB, or Pixiecore. You may reference remote kernel and initrd assets or [local assets](#assets).
The `"boot"` settings will be used to render configs to network boot programs such as iPXE or GRUB. You may reference remote kernel and initrd assets or [local assets](#assets).
To use Ignition, set the `coreos.config.url` kernel option to reference the `matchbox` [Ignition endpoint](api.md#ignition-config), which will render the `ignition_id` file. Be sure to add the `coreos.first_boot` option as well.
To use Ignition, set the `coreos.config.url` kernel option to reference the `matchbox` [Ignition endpoint](api-http.md#ignition-config), which will render the `ignition_id` file. Be sure to add the `coreos.first_boot` option as well.
To use cloud-config, set the `cloud-config-url` kernel option to reference the `matchbox` [Cloud-Config endpoint](api.md#cloud-config), which will render the `cloud_id` file.
To use cloud-config, set the `cloud-config-url` kernel option to reference the `matchbox` [Cloud-Config endpoint](api-http.md#cloud-config), which will render the `cloud_id` file.
### Groups
@@ -96,7 +95,6 @@ Create a group definition with a `Profile` to be applied, selectors for matching
@@ -129,16 +126,16 @@ Group selectors can use any key/value pairs you find useful. However, several la
### Config templates
Profiles can reference various templated configs. Ignition JSON configs can be generated from [Container Linux Config](https://github.com/coreos/container-linux-config-transpiler/blob/master/doc/configuration.md) template files. Cloud-Config templates files can be used to render a script or Cloud-Config. Generic template files can be used to render arbitrary untyped configs (experimental). Each template may contain [Go template](https://golang.org/pkg/text/template/) elements which will be rendered with machine group metadata, selectors, and query params.
Profiles can reference various templated configs. Ignition configs can be provided directly or rendered from [Butane Config](https://coreos.github.io/butane/) template files. Cloud-Config templates files can be used to render a script or Cloud-Config. Generic template files can be used to render arbitrary untyped configs (experimental). Each template may contain [Go template](https://golang.org/pkg/text/template/) elements which will be rendered with machine group metadata, selectors, and query params.
For details and examples:
* [Container Linux Config](container-linux-config.md)
* [Ignition (or Butane)](ignition.md)
* [Cloud-Config](cloud-config.md)
#### Variables
Within Container Linux Config templates, Cloud-Config templates, or generic templates, you can use group metadata, selectors, or request-scoped query params. For example, a request `/generic?mac=52-54-00-89-d8-10&foo=some-param&bar=b` would match the `node1.json` machine group shown above. If the group's profile ("etcd") referenced a generic template, the following variables could be used.
Within Butane Config templates, Cloud-Config templates, or generic templates, you can use group metadata, selectors, or request-scoped query params. For example, a request `/generic?mac=52-54-00-89-d8-10&foo=some-param&bar=b` would match the `node1.json` machine group shown above. If the group's profile ("etcd") referenced a generic template, the following variables could be used.
<!-- {% raw %} -->
```
@@ -147,7 +144,6 @@ Within Container Linux Config templates, Cloud-Config templates, or generic temp
For example, a `Profile` might refer to a local asset `/assets/coreos/VERSION/coreos_production_pxe.vmlinuz` instead of `http://stable.release.core-os.net/amd64-usr/VERSION/coreos_production_pxe.vmlinuz`.
See the [get-coreos](../scripts/README.md#get-coreos) script to quickly download, verify, and place CoreOS assets.
See the [get-fedora-coreos](https://github.com/poseidon/matchbox/blob/master/scripts/get-fedora-coreos) or [get-flatcar](https://github.com/poseidon/matchbox/blob/master/scripts/get-flatcar) scripts to quickly download, verify, and place image assets.
## Network
`matchbox` does not implement or exec a DHCP/TFTP server. Read [network setup](network-setup.md) or use the [coreos/dnsmasq](../contrib/dnsmasq) image if you need a quick DHCP, proxyDHCP, TFTP, or DNS setup.
`matchbox` does not implement or exec a DHCP/TFTP server. Read [network setup](network-setup.md) or use the [poseidon/dnsmasq](../contrib/dnsmasq) image if you need a quick DHCP, proxyDHCP, TFTP, or DNS setup.
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ The network environment can be set up in a number of ways, which we'll discuss.
### Network boot programs
Machines can be booted and configured with CoreOS using several network boot programs and approaches. Let's review them. If you're new to network booting or unsure which to choose, iPXE is a reasonable and flexible choice.
Machines can be booted and configured with CoreOS Container Linux using several network boot programs and approaches. Let's review them. If you're new to network booting or unsure which to choose, iPXE is a reasonable and flexible choice.
Here is an example PXE config file which boots a CoreOS image hosted on the TFTP server.
Here is an example PXE config file which boots a Container Linux image hosted on the TFTP server.
```
default coreos
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ This approach has a number of drawbacks. TFTP can be slow, managing config files
A DHCPOFFER to iPXE client firmware specifies an HTTP boot script such as `http://matchbox.foo/boot.ipxe`.
Here is an example iPXE script for booting the remote CoreOS stable image.
Here is an example iPXE script for booting the remote Container Linux stable image.
```
#!ipxe
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ boot
A TFTP server is used only to provide the `undionly.kpxe` boot program to older PXE firmware in order to bootstrap into iPXE.
CoreOS `matchbox` can render signed iPXE scripts to machines based on their hardware attributes. Setup involves configuring your DHCP server to point iPXE clients to the `matchbox` [iPXE endpoint](api.md#ipxe).
CoreOS `matchbox` can render signed iPXE scripts to machines based on their hardware attributes. Setup involves configuring your DHCP server to point iPXE clients to the `matchbox` [iPXE endpoint](api-http.md#ipxe).
This guide shows how to create a DHCP/TFTP/DNS network boot environment to work with `matchbox` to boot and provision PXE, iPXE, or GRUB2 client machines.
This guide shows how to create a DHCP/TFTP/DNS network boot environment to boot and provision BIOS/PXE, iPXE, or UEFI client machines.
`matchbox` serves iPXE scripts or GRUB configs over HTTP to serve as the entrypoint for CoreOS cluster bring-up. It does not implement or exec a DHCP, TFTP, or DNS server. Instead, you can configure your own network services to point to `matchbox` or use the convenient [coreos/dnsmasq](../contrib/dnsmasq) container image (used in libvirt demos).
Matchbox serves iPXE scripts over HTTP to serve as the entrypoint for provisioning clusters. It does not implement or exec a DHCP, TFTP, or DNS server. Instead, configure your network environment to point to Matchbox or use the convenient [quay.io/poseidon/dnsmasq](https://quay.io/repository/poseidon/matchbox) container image (used in local QEMU/KVM setup).
*Note*: These are just suggestions. Your network administrator or system administrator should choose the right network setup for your company.
@@ -13,13 +13,14 @@ Client hardware must have a network interface which supports PXE or iPXE.
## Goals
* Add a DNS name which resolves to a `matchbox` deploy.
* Chainload PXE firmware to iPXE or GRUB2
* Point iPXE clients to `http://matchbox.foo:port/boot.ipxe`
* Point GRUB clients to `http://matchbox.foo:port/grub`
* Chainload BIOS clients (legacy PXE) to iPXE (undionly.kpxe)
* Chainload UEFI clients to iPXE (ipxe.efi)
* Point iPXE clients to `http://matchbox.example.com:port/boot.ipxe`
* Point GRUB clients to `http://matchbox.example.com:port/grub`
## Setup
Many companies already have DHCP/TFTP configured to "PXE-boot" PXE/iPXE clients. In this case, machines (or a subset of machines) can be made to chainload from `chain http://matchbox.foo:port/boot.ipxe`. Older PXE clients can be made to chainload into iPXE or GRUB to be able to fetch subsequent configs via HTTP.
Many companies already have DHCP/TFTP configured to "PXE-boot" PXE/iPXE clients. In this case, machines (or a subset of machines) can be made to chainload from `chain http://matchbox.example.com:port/boot.ipxe`. Older PXE clients can be made to chainload into iPXE to be able to fetch subsequent configs via HTTP.
On simpler networks, such as what a developer might have at home, a relatively inflexible DHCP server may be in place, with no TFTP server. In this case, a proxy DHCP server can be run alongside a non-PXE capable DHCP server.
@@ -27,21 +28,21 @@ This diagram can point you to the **right section(s)** of this document.
The setup of DHCP, TFTP, and DNS services on a network varies greatly. If you wish to use rkt or Docker to quickly run DHCP, proxyDHCP TFTP, or DNS services, use [coreos/dnsmasq](#coreosdnsmasq).
The setup of DHCP, TFTP, and DNS services on a network varies greatly. If you wish to use Docker to quickly run DHCP, proxyDHCP TFTP, or DNS services, use [poseidon/dnsmasq](#poseidondnsmasq).
## DNS
Add a DNS entry (e.g. `matchbox.foo`, `provisoner.mycompany-internal`) that resolves to a deployment of the CoreOS `matchbox` service from machines you intend to boot and provision.
Add a DNS entry (e.g. `matchbox.example.com`, `provisoner.mycompany-internal`) that resolves to a deployment of the CoreOS `matchbox` service from machines you intend to boot and provision.
```sh
$ dig matchbox.foo
$ dig matchbox.example.com
```
If you deployed `matchbox` to a known IP address (e.g. dedicated host, load balanced endpoint, Kubernetes NodePort) and use `dnsmasq`, a domain name to IPv4/IPv6 address mapping could be added to the `/etc/dnsmasq.conf`.
```
# dnsmasq.conf
address=/matchbox.foo/172.18.0.2
address=/matchbox.example.com/172.18.0.2
```
## iPXE
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ Networks which already run DHCP and TFTP services to network boot PXE/iPXE clien
```
# /var/www/html/ipxe/default.ipxe
chain http://matchbox.foo:8080/boot.ipxe
chain http://matchbox.example.com:8080/boot.ipxe
```
You can chainload from a menu entry or use other [iPXE commands](http://ipxe.org/cmd) if you need to do more than simple delegation.
Add ipxe.lkrn to `/var/lib/tftpboot` (see [iPXE docs](http://ipxe.org/embed)).
## coreos/dnsmasq
## poseidon/dnsmasq
The [quay.io/coreos/dnsmasq](https://quay.io/repository/coreos/dnsmasq) container image can run DHCP, TFTP, and DNS services via rkt or docker. The image bundles `undionly.kpxe` and `grub.efi` for convenience. See [contrib/dnsmasq](contrib/dnsmasq) for details.
The [quay.io/poseidon/dnsmasq](https://quay.io/repository/poseidon/dnsmasq) container image can run DHCP, TFTP, and DNS services via docker. The image bundles `ipxe.efi`, `undionly.kpxe`, and `grub.efi` for convenience. See [contrib/dnsmasq](https://github.com/poseidon/matchbox/tree/master/contrib/dnsmasq) for details.
Install the dependencies for [QEMU with UEFI](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Using_UEFI_with_QEMU). Walk through the [getting-started-with-docker](getting-started-docker.md) tutorial. Launch client VMs using `create-uefi`.
/var/lib/tftpboot/boot/grub/grub.cfg:
```ini
insmod i386-pc/http.mod
set root=http,matchbox.foo:8080
configfile /grub
Create UEFI QEMU/KVM VMs attached to the `docker0` bridge.
```sh
$ sudo ./scripts/libvirt create-uefi
```
Make sure to replace variables in the example config files; instead of iPXE variables, use GRUB variables. Check the [GRUB2 manual](https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/grub.html#Network).
UEFI clients should chainload `ipxe.efi`, load iPXE and Ignition configs from Matchbox, and Container Linux should boot as usual.
Running DHCP or proxyDHCP with `poseidon/dnsmasq` on a host requires that the Firewall allow DHCP and TFTP (for chainloading) services to run.
## Port collision
Running DHCP or proxyDHCP can cause port already in use collisions depending on what's running. Fedora runs bootp listening on udp/67 for example. Find the service using the port.
```sh
$ sudo lsof -i :67
```
Evaluate whether you can configure the existing service or whether you'd like to stop it and test with `poseidon/dnsmasq`.
## No boot filename received
PXE client firmware did not receive a DHCP Offer with PXE-Options after several attempts. If you're using the `poseidon/dnsmasq` image with `-d`, each request should log to stdout. Using the wrong `-i` interface is the most common reason DHCP requests are not received. Otherwise, wireshark can be useful for investigating.
These examples network boot and provision machines into Container Linux clusters using `matchbox`. You can re-use their profiles to provision your own physical machines.
Matchbox automates network booting and provisioning of clusters. These examples show how to use Matchbox on-premise or locally with QEMU/KVM.
| Name | Description | CoreOS Version | FS | Docs |
| rktnetes-install | Kubernetes cluster with rkt container runtime, installed to disk (experimental) | stable/1298.7.0 | Disk | [tutorial](../Documentation/rktnetes.md) |
| bootkube | iPXE boot a self-hosted Kubernetes cluster (with bootkube) | stable/1298.7.0 | Disk | [tutorial](../Documentation/bootkube.md) |
| bootkube-install | Install a self-hosted Kubernetes cluster (with bootkube) | stable/1298.7.0 | Disk | [tutorial](../Documentation/bootkube.md) |
## Terraform Examples
## Tutorials
These examples use [Terraform](https://www.terraform.io/intro/) as a client to Matchbox.
Get started running `matchbox` on your Linux machine to network boot and provision clusters of VMs or physical hardware.
Look through the examples and Terraform modules and use them as a starting point. Learn more about [matchbox](../docs/matchbox.md).
Example profiles pass the `coreos.autologin` kernel argument. This skips the password prompt for development and troubleshooting and should be removed **before production**.
## Manual Examples
## SSH Keys
These examples mount raw Matchbox objects into a Matchbox server's `/var/lib/matchbox/` directory.
Example groups allow `ssh_authorized_keys` to be added for the `core` user as metadata. You might also include this directly in your Ignition.
For Fedora CoreOS, add an SSH authorized key to the Butane Config (`ignition/fedora-coreos.yaml`) and regenerate the Ignition Config.
### "pxe"
```yaml
variant:fcos
version:1.5.0
passwd:
users:
- name:core
ssh_authorized_keys:
- ssh-ed25519 SET_PUBKEY_HERE
```
Some examples check the `pxe` variable to determine whether to create a `/dev/sda1` filesystem and partition for PXEing with `root=/dev/sda1` ("pxe":"true") or to write files to the existing filesystem on `/dev/disk/by-label/ROOT` ("pxe":"false").
For Flatcar Linux, add an SSH authorized key to the Butane config (`ignition/flatcar.yaml` or `ignition/flatcar-install.yaml`) and regenerate the Ignition Config.
Create FAKE TLS credentials for running the `matchbox` gRPC API examples.
**DO NOT** use these certificates for anything other than running `matchbox` examples. Use your organization's production PKI for production deployments.
Navigate to the example directory which will be mounted as `/etc/matchbox` in examples:
cd matchbox/examples/etc/matchbox
Set certificate subject alt names which should be used by exporting `SAN`. Use the DNS name or IP at which `matchbox` is hosted.
# for examples on metal0 or docker0 bridges
export SAN=IP.1:127.0.0.1,IP.2:172.18.0.2
# production example
export SAN=DNS.1:matchbox.example.com
Create a fake `ca.crt`, `server.crt`, `server.key`, `client.crt`, and `client.key`. Type 'Y' when prompted.
$ ./cert-gen
Creating FAKE CA, server cert/key, and client cert/key...
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